{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:00Z","timestamp":1787004840680,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":5052,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Obesity increases the risk of gallstones, especially in women. Most gallbladder disease studies have used body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overall adiposity, although BMI does not distinguish between fat and lean body mass. Central adiposity may also increase gallstone risk, although this is less well studied. Leptin is a peptide whose serum concentration is highly correlated with total body fat mass. We examined the relationship of gallbladder disease with anthropometric measures and serum leptin concentration in a large, national, population-based study. A total of 13,962 adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent gallbladder ultrasonography and anthropometric measurements of BMI, body circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses, and a random subgroup of 5,568 had measures of fasting serum leptin concentrations. Gallstone-associated gallbladder disease was defined as ultrasound-documented gallstones or evidence of cholecystectomy. When controlling for BMI and other gallbladder disease risk factors in multivariate analysis, a test for trend for increasing waist-to-hip circumference ratio and risk of gallbladder disease was statistically significant among women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .043) and men (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .007). BMI remained strongly associated with gallbladder disease among women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), but was unrelated among men (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .46). Leptin concentration was associated with gallbladder disease in both sexes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), but not after controlling for BMI and waist-to-hip circumference in either women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .29) or men (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .65). In conclusion, waist-to-hip circumference ratio was related to gallbladder disease among women and men. Serum leptin concentration was not a better predictor of gallbladder disease than anthropometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.29005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,24]],"date-time":"2002-08-24T23:46:10Z","timestamp":1030232770000},"page":"877-883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Relationship of serum leptin concentration and other measures of adiposity with gallbladder disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Constance E.","family":"Ruhl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Everhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","container-title":["Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1053%2Fjhep.2001.29005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200111000-00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T10:38:37Z","timestamp":1738924717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/01515467-200111000-00004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jhep.2001.29005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-9139"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-9139","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}}}