{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:23:48Z","timestamp":1790223828323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,30]],"date-time":"2003-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":547,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias","award":["FIS 00\/0541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS 00\/0541"]}]},{"name":"Conselleria de Educaci\u00f3n y Cultura, Generalitat Valenciana","award":["GV00-070-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GV00-070-12"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda, Spain","award":["PM99-0078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PM99-0078"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The current pathogenic theory of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhosis and ascites suggests that repeated episodes of bacterial translocation (BT) from intestinal lumen to mesenteric lymph nodes followed by systemic seeding are the key steps for the final development of infectious events. However, most of the episodes of systemic bacterial circulation remain undetected. Therefore, we investigated the hypothetical presence of bacteria in blood and\/or ascitic fluid (AF) from patients with cirrhosis and sterile (culture negative) AF by means of bacterial DNA (bactDNA) detection and identification. Twenty-eight consecutively admitted patients with cirrhosis and presence of AF were included in the study. BactDNA was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. The corresponding bacteria were identified by nucleotide sequencing of purified PCR products. BactDNA was detected simultaneously in blood and AF in 9 patients (32.1%). DNA sequencing allowed the identification of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (n = 7) and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (n = 2). In all cases, the similarity between the sequence found in AF and blood indicated that the bactDNA present in both locations originated from a single clone (single translocation event). Child-Pugh score and basic hemodynamic, clinical, endoscopic, and biochemical characteristics were similar among patients with or without the presence of bactDNA. In conclusion, we have detected bactDNA in serum and AF in 32% of all patients studied, and this likely represents single clone episodes of translocation and systemic seeding. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic> is the most frequently identified bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,17]],"date-time":"2003-02-17T22:18:10Z","timestamp":1045520290000},"page":"135-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Detection and identification of bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis and culture-negative, nonneutrocytic ascites"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Such","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Franc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Zapater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan 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