{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T13:43:48Z","timestamp":1769607828446,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,30]],"date-time":"2003-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":547,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSC","award":["89-2314-B-002-372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["89-2314-B-002-372"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DOH90-TD-1033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DOH90-TD-1033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"(Frontier Medical Genomic Program) from the Department of Health, Executive Yuan of the Republic of China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>The androgen receptor (AR) gene is localized on chromosome X, and shorter CAG repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene were recently suggested to increase hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk among men. To examine whether the relationship between the AR-CAG repeats and HCC was also evident among women, we conducted a case-control study in Taiwan. The number of AR-CAG repeats was determined for 238 women with HCC and 354 unrelated control subjects (comprising 188 first-degree and 166 nonbiological relatives) selected from female relatives of patients with HCC. Women harboring 2 AR alleles with more than 23 CAG repeats had an increased risk of HCC (age-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.82; 95% CI, 1.06-3.14), compared with women with only short alleles or a single long allele. The association between harboring 2 AR alleles containing longer CAG repeats and HCC was more striking among HBV carriers (age-adjusted OR for more than 22 repeats, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.14-4.34) and particularly prominent among HBV carriers under age 53 years (age-adjusted OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.13-8.82). When CAG repeats were analyzed as a continuous variable, the increase in HCC risk associated with each incremental repeat in the shorter of 2 alleles in a given genotype was statistically significant among women with a first-degree relative with HCC (age-adjusted OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.37). No such relationship was detected among women without the family history. In conclusion, our observations suggest that the AR-CAG alleles may contribute to HCC predisposition among women through a mechanism different from that for men.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,17]],"date-time":"2003-02-17T22:18:10Z","timestamp":1045520290000},"page":"156-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Androgen receptor exon 1 CAG repeat length and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in women"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ming-Whei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ching","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chuen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Fan","family":"Liaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-Ming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Jen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shou-Dong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jer","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shee-Chan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33897-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/1040-8428(94)90020-5","article-title":"Hepatitis 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