{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:00:24Z","timestamp":1792839624568,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":4322,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Infectious and environmental agents have been proposed as immunologic triggers for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Recently, a ubiquitous organism that metabolizes organic compounds and estrogens, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Novosphingobium aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic>, has been defined. Importantly, 2 bacterial proteins have homology with the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC\u2013E2). Sera from 97 patients with PBC, 46 first\u2013degree relatives, 10 spouses, and 195 controls were studied for reactivity against <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. The reactivity was defined by absorption, affinity purification, and using monoclonal antibodies to PDC\u2013E2. Stool samples from 20 patients with PBC and 34 controls were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic>. Sera from 100% of anti\u2013PDC\u2013E2 positive (77\/77), 33% of anti\u2013BCOADC E2 positive (1\/3), and 12% of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) negative patients with PBC (2\/17) reacted with titers up to 10<jats:sup>-6<\/jats:sup> against two known lipoylated bacterial proteins (47 and 50 kd) from <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic>, including patients with early disease. This titer was approximately 100\u2013 to 1,000\u2013fold higher than against <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic> and verified by absorption, use of affinity\u2013purified sera, and monoclonal antibody reagents. Moreover, 78 of 80 AMA\u2013positive and 5 of 17 AMA\u2013negative patients with PBC had antibodies against 3 other <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic> proteins. In contrast, 0 of 195 control sera reacted against <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic>. Approximately 25% of patients and controls had <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic> in their fecal specimens. In conclusion, based on protein homology, capacity to metabolize xenobiotics as well as modulate estrogens, its presence in feces, and specific immunologic response, we propose that <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. aromaticivorans<\/jats:italic> is a candidate for the induction of PBC.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,23]],"date-time":"2003-10-23T14:25:20Z","timestamp":1066919120000},"page":"1250-1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":272,"title":["Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis React Against A Ubiquitous Xenobiotic\u2013Metabolizing Bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Selmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David 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