{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:16:22Z","timestamp":1790806582412,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T03:46:10Z","timestamp":1030247170000},"page":"470-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":259,"title":["The active movement scale: An evaluative tool for infants with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Curtis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard M.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib1","series-title":"De l'\u00c9lectrisation localis\u00e9e et de son application \u00e0 la pathologie et \u00e0 la th\u00e9rapeutique par courants induits et par courants galvaniques interrompus et continus","author":"Duchenne","year":"1872"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1916.04110180003001","article-title":"Obstetric paralysis","volume":"12","author":"Sever","year":"1916","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib3","first-page":"2009","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Tachdjian","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198411000-00006","article-title":"Brachial plexus birth palsy: a 10-year report on the incidence and prognosis","volume":"4","author":"Greenwald","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870080-00013","article-title":"Brachial-plexus palsy in the newborn","volume":"70A","author":"Jackson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199404000-00001","article-title":"The natural history of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"93","author":"Michelow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconst Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib7","first-page":"136","article-title":"Twenty-six early operations in brachial birth palsy","volume":"45","author":"Alanen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Z Kinderchir"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib8","first-page":"275","article-title":"Indications and timing of surgery for obstetric brachial plexus palsies","author":"Boome","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199810000-00032","article-title":"Neuroma-in-continuity resection: early outcome in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"102","author":"Capek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib10","first-page":"255","article-title":"Surgical vs. conservative treatment of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy: a preliminary study","author":"Carlstedt","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199604001-00014","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy: results following neurolysis of conducting neuromas-in-continuity","volume":"97","author":"Clarke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00266-3","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of brachial plexus surgery in obstetrical palsy","volume":"11","author":"Gilbert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30766-6","article-title":"Neurosurgical management of birth injuries of the brachial plexus","volume":"2","author":"Piatt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920160109","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus lesions and their neurosurgical treatment","volume":"16","author":"Slooff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920151105","article-title":"Accessory nerve neurotization in infants with brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"15","author":"Kawabata","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.2.0197","article-title":"Neurosurgical correction of upper brachial plexus birth injuries","volume":"79","author":"Laurent","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib17","first-page":"269","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus lesions in children born in a breech presentation and their neurosurgical treatment","author":"Slooff","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib18","first-page":"48","article-title":"Aids to the investigation of peripheral nerve injuries","author":"Medical Research Council: Nerve Injuries Committee","year":"1942"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000121220","article-title":"Outcome of surgically treated birth-related brachial plexus injuries in twenty cases","volume":"27","author":"Sherburn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198112000-00002","article-title":"Early reconstruction of birth injuries of the brachial plexus","volume":"1","author":"Solonen","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)32445-7","article-title":"Brachial plexus birth injuries and current management","volume":"25","author":"Shenaq","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10660.x","article-title":"Cause and effect of obstetric (neonatal) brachial plexus palsy","volume":"77","author":"Sj\u00f6berg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Pjdiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib23","first-page":"529","article-title":"Obstetrical palsy: a clinical, pathologic, and surgical review","author":"Gilbert","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920120307","article-title":"Brachial plexus microsurgery in children","volume":"12","author":"Hentz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30333-3","article-title":"Indications and results of brachial plexus surgery in obstetrical palsy","volume":"19","author":"Gilbert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib26","first-page":"166","article-title":"Paralysie obst\u00e9tricale du plexus brachial. Traitement des s\u00e9quelles. Primaut\u00e9 du traitment de l'\u00e9paule\u2014M\u00e9thode d'expression des r\u00e9sultats","volume":"58","author":"Mallet","year":"1972","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19860601-17","article-title":"Treatment of adult and obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(91)90100-3","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial plexus lesions","volume":"16B","author":"Gilbert","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199103000-00005","article-title":"Surgical treatment of brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"264","author":"Gilbert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib30","first-page":"841","article-title":"Obstetrical palsy: early treatment and secondary procedures","volume":"26","author":"Duclos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199803000-00014","article-title":"A new evaluation system to predict the sequelae of late obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"101","author":"Chuang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199607)19:7<884::AID-MUS11>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) outcome with conservative management","volume":"19","author":"Eng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1988.tb14647.x","article-title":"Surgical management of brachial plexus birth injuries","volume":"30","author":"Hunt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199107000-00022","article-title":"Persistent brachial plexus birth palsies","volume":"11","author":"Jahnke","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib35","first-page":"261","article-title":"Brachial birth palsy\u2014cervical myelography and early brachial plexus surgery","author":"Kwai","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198702000-00034","article-title":"Early microsurgical reconstruction in birth palsy","volume":"215","author":"Kawabata","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)32072-1","article-title":"Review of obstetrical palsies: nonoperative treatment","volume":"11","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00264-X","article-title":"An approach to obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"11","author":"Clarke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780060404","article-title":"Sample size requirements for reliability studies","volume":"6","author":"Donner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib40","series-title":"Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice","author":"Portney","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"Coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256","article-title":"Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit","volume":"70","author":"Cohen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib44","first-page":"166","article-title":"Biostatistics, the bare essentials","author":"Norman","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib45","first-page":"33","article-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"Altman","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(96)80107-3","article-title":"Measurement in surgical clinical research","volume":"119","author":"Wright","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/41.4.249","article-title":"Muscle testing: part 2. Reliability in clinical use","volume":"41","author":"Iddings","year":"1961","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.9.1342","article-title":"Intrarater reliability of manual muscle testing and hand-held dynametric muscle testing","volume":"67","author":"Wadsworth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4992\/psycholres1954.13.45","article-title":"Effects of categorizing continuous normal variables on product-moment correlation","volume":"13","author":"Nishisato","year":"1970","journal-title":"Jap Psych Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib50","first-page":"35","article-title":"Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use","author":"Streiner","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80027-1","article-title":"The first multi-disciplinary obstetrical brachial plexus clinic in Saudi Arabia","volume":"21B","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502302591322?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502302591322?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T22:22:28Z","timestamp":1704320548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502302591322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502302591322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jhsu.2002.32965","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}