{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T10:10:45Z","timestamp":1715335845103},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,29]],"date-time":"2004-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":971,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2014<\/jats:bold>To evaluate a dorsoproximal extra\u2010articular approach for insertion of 8.25\u2010mm, solid\u2010titanium, intramedullary (IM) interlocking nails into ostectomized foal third metacarpal (MC3) and third metatarsal (MT3) bones; to compare the monotonic mechanical properties of IM nail constructs with paired intact bones; and to determine the effects of age, body weight, fore\u2010 or hindlimb, and left or right limb on the mechanical testing variables.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Animal or Sample Population\u2014<\/jats:bold>Twenty bone pairs (10 MC3, 10 MT3) collected from 10 foals of various weights and ages.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2014<\/jats:bold>One bone from each pair was randomly selected to be ostectomized and stabilized using an 8.25\u2010mm, solid\u2010titanium IM nail, and four 3.7\u2010mm titanium interlocking screws (construct). Constructs and contralateral intact bone specimens were tested in axial compression and palmaro\u2010\/plantarodorsal (PD) 4\u2010point bending. Monotonic mechanical properties were compared between intact specimens and constructs with an ANOVA; significance was set at<jats:styled-content><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2014<\/jats:bold>Nail insertion caused bone failure in 6 MC3 and 2 MT3. In general, mean mechanical testing values indicated that intact specimens were significantly stronger and stiffer than constructs for all age and weight ranges when tested in compression and PD 4\u2010point bending (<jats:styled-content><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05<\/jats:styled-content>). Bone strength and stiffness of intact specimens tested in compression and bending tended to increase linearly with age and weight.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:bold>IM interlocking nail fixation of gap\u2010ostectomized MC3 and MT3 with 8.25\u2010mm IM nails and 3.7\u2010mm interlocking screws did not achieve sufficient strength or stiffness to be recommended as the sole means of repair for comminuted MC3 and MT3 fractures in young foals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance\u2014<\/jats:bold>IM interlocking nail fixation of foal cannon bone fractures may be useful to decrease soft\u2010tissue disruption at the fracture site; however, there is a risk of bone failure associated with extra\u2010articular insertion. This method should be combined with other forms of external coaptation for added stability in axial compression and PD bending.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.25866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T03:46:10Z","timestamp":1030247170000},"page":"422-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["An in vitro biomechanical investigation of an intramedullary nailing technique for repair of third metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in neonates and foals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gareth L.","family":"Fitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry D.","family":"Galuppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Stover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil H.","family":"Willits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.213.06.847","article-title":"Complete fractures of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone in horses: 25 cases (1980\u20131996)","volume":"213","author":"McClure S","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"631","volume-title":"Current Practice of Equine Surgery","author":"Schneider R","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Equine Fracture Repair","author":"Schneider RK","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"1013","volume-title":"Equine Surgery","author":"Honnas C","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9846(17)30080-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"683","article-title":"Management of a severely comminuted fracture of the third metacarpal bone in a horse","volume":"193","author":"Orsini J","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Equine Fracture Repair","author":"Herthel DJ","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"Comminuted MCIII fracture treatment using titanium static interlocking intramedullary nails","volume":"18","author":"Herthel DJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1999.00333.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90044-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00440575"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"264","volume-title":"Biomechanics In Orthopedic Trauma","author":"Tencer AF","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Equine Fracture Repair","author":"Markel MD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199908000-00030"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1053%2Fjvet.2001.25866","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1053\/jvet.2001.25866","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T22:09:25Z","timestamp":1704319765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1053\/jvet.2001.25866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1053\/jvet.2001.25866"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jvet.2001.25866","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-3499","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-950X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}}}