{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:11:57Z","timestamp":1776175917876,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,29]],"date-time":"2004-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":910,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2014<\/jats:bold> To measure the quadriceps angle (Q\u2010angle) in dogs with congenital patellar luxation using magnetic resonance (MR) methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study Design\u2014<\/jats:bold> Prospective clinical study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Animals\u2014<\/jats:bold> Thirty\u2010eight client\u2010owned dogs.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2014<\/jats:bold> Thirty\u2010eight dogs were examined and placed into the following groups based on the degree of patellar instability: normal, grade I, grade II, and grade III. MR images of 37 pelvic limbs without patellar instability, 33 pelvic limbs with patellar luxation, and 6 limbs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture were made. The Q\u2010angle was calculated using trigonometric methods based on MR images. Limbs with patellar luxation were compared with normal stifles and stifle with other disorders.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2014<\/jats:bold> The average Q\u2010angle of the normal group was 10.5\u00b0 (24.9\u00b0 to \u22122.0\u00b0). The grade I group had an average Q\u2010angle of 12.2\u00b0 (28.8\u00b0 to 2\u00b0), the grade II group 24.3\u00b0 (44.6\u00b0 to 7.7\u00b0), and the grade III group 36.6\u00b0 (51.4\u00b0 to 15.6\u00b0). The average Q\u2010angle of limbs with an isolated CrCL rupture was 19.3\u00b0 (34.7\u00b0 to 3.9\u00b0).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:bold> MR images can be used to make exact calculations of the Q\u2010angle.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical Relevance\u2014<\/jats:bold> MR images can be used to quantify the degree of patellar luxation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.28420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T03:46:10Z","timestamp":1030247170000},"page":"552-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Measurements of the Deviation of the Angle of Force Generated by Contraction of the Quadriceps Muscle in Dogs with Congenital Patellar Luxation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Stephan","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cornely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Golder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Waibl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Brunnberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of medial 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