{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:45:15Z","timestamp":1775742315389,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,28]],"date-time":"2004-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":728,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective\u2014<\/jats:bold>To describe a technique for endoscope\u2010assisted disruption and removal of urinary calculi using a holmium:YAG laser in sedated, standing horses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Study design\u2014<\/jats:bold>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Animals\u2014<\/jats:bold>Six horses with urinary calculi.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2014<\/jats:bold>A holmium:YAG laser was used to disrupt naturally occurring urinary calculi in horses (4 geldings, 1 stallion, 1 mare). Ischial urethrotomy was performed in male horses to provide a portal for the endoscope and laser fiber. Calculus fragments were removed by a combination of lavage, transendoscopic basket snare removal, forceps, and digital manipulation. Ischial urethrotomies healed by second intention. Follow\u2010up was obtained by recheck examination and telephone interview of owners.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results\u2014<\/jats:bold>No major operative or postoperative complications occurred. Two calculi (1 stallion and 1 mare) were fragmented by a combination of laser ablation and manual disruption with a lithotrite. Postoperative dysuria occurred in the mare, but resolved after 1 month. Mean (\u00b1 SD) follow\u2010up was 306 \u00b1 149 days; no other complications were reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:bold>Calcium carbonate urinary calculi (up to 15 cm in diameter) in horses can be effectively fragmented with a holmium:YAG laser. It is not known if this technique would be completely effective for larger calculi or extremely dense calculi.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical relevance\u2014<\/jats:bold>Calculus disruption by an endoscopically assisted holmium:YAG laser offers a minimally invasive method that can be performed in standing horses and that minimizes patient risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.33480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T03:46:10Z","timestamp":1030247170000},"page":"245-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Endoscopic\u2010Assisted Disruption of Urinary Calculi using a Holmium: YAG Laser in Standing Horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Carter E.","family":"Judy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry D.","family":"Galuppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"585","volume-title":"Equine Surgery","author":"Lillich JD","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"345","article-title":"Surgical removal of equine uroliths via the laparocystotomy approach","volume":"139","author":"Lowe JE","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1985.tb00896.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01505.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.10.1600","article-title":"Pulsed dye laser lithotripsy for treatment of urolithiasis in two geldings","volume":"212","author":"Howard RD","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Ballistic shock wave lithotripsy in an 18\u2010year\u2010old thoroughbred gelding","volume":"40","author":"Koenig J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1994.tb01129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"164","article-title":"Urinary tract and penile surgery in the adult horse","volume":"9","author":"Ragle CA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 9th Annual ACVS Symposium"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1999.00163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1999.13.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1998.12.417"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1053%2Fjvet.2002.33480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1053\/jvet.2002.33480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T22:21:54Z","timestamp":1704320514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1053\/jvet.2002.33480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1053\/jvet.2002.33480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jvet.2002.33480","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-3499","1532-950X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-3499","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-950X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}