{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:41:21Z","timestamp":1792147281987,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathol. Oncol. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/paor.1999.0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T11:27:04Z","timestamp":1027682824000},"page":"56-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Extraneural metastasizing ependymoma of the spinal cord"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Graf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendrik","family":"Blaeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herwart F","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"50100056_CR1","volume-title":"A classification of the tumors of the glioma group on a histogenetic basis with a correlation study of prognosis","author":"P Bailey","year":"1926","unstructured":"Bailey P, Cushing H: A classification of the tumors of the glioma group on a histogenetic basis with a correlation study of prognosis. J. B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1926."},{"key":"50100056_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.6.0872","volume":"74","author":"MS Berger","year":"1991","unstructured":"Berger MS, Baumeister B, Geyer JR, et al: The risks of metastases from shunting in children with primary central nervous system tumors. J Neurosurg 74:872\u2013877, 1991.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"50100056_CR3","first-page":"231","volume":"4","author":"W Birchmeier","year":"1993","unstructured":"Birchmeier W, Weidner KM, H\u00fclsken J, et al: Molecular mechanisms leading to cell junction (cadherin) deficiency in invasive carcinomas. Semin Cancer Biol 4:231\u2013239, 1993.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"50100056_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696999","volume":"54","author":"BH Choi","year":"1981","unstructured":"Choi BH, Holt JT, McDonald JV: Occult malignant astrocytoma of pons with extracranial metastasis to bone prior to craniotomy. Acta Neuropathol Berl 54:269\u2013273, 1981.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Berl"},{"key":"50100056_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.5.0607","volume":"41","author":"CL Dolman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dolman CL: Lymph node metastasis as first manifestation of glioblastoma. J Neurosurg 41:607\u2013609, 1974.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"50100056_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199412000-00010","volume":"87","author":"SE Farrier","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farrier SE, Agosti S, Morgan M, et al: Metastatic ependymoma manifested by pancytopenia. South Med J 87:1262\u20131263, 1994.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"50100056_CR7","first-page":"1939","volume":"56","author":"DR Friedlander","year":"1996","unstructured":"Friedlander DR, Zagzag D, Shiff B, et al: Migration of brain tumor cells on extracellular matrix proteins in vitro correlates with tumor type and grade and involves alpha V and beta 1 integrins. Cancer Res 56:1939\u20131947, 1996.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"50100056_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19851001)56:7+<1778::AID-CNCR2820561309>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"56","author":"HJ Hoffman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hoffman HJ, Duffner PK: Extraneural metastases of central nervous system tumors. Cancer 56:1778\u20131782, 1985.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"50100056_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197603)37:3<1577::AID-CNCR2820370348>3.0.CO;2-0","volume":"37","author":"S Hulbanni","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hulbanni S, Goodman PA: Glioblastoma multiforme with extra-neural metastases in the absence of previous surgery. Cancer 37:1577\u20131583, 1976.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"50100056_CR10","volume-title":"Neuropathologie - Tumoren des Nervensystems","author":"W J\u00e4nisch","year":"1988","unstructured":"J\u00e4nisch W, Schreiber D, G\u00fcthert H: Neuropathologie - Tumoren des Nervensystems. Fischer, Stuttgart - New York, 1988."},{"key":"50100056_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.31.3.0339","volume":"31","author":"PC Kung","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kung PC, Lee JC, Bakay L: Vascular invasion by glioma cells in man: an electron microscopic study. J Neurosurg 31:339\u2013345, 1969.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"50100056_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(79)80051-9","volume":"10","author":"BH Liwnicz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Liwnicz BH, Rubinstein LJ: The pathways of extraneural spread in metastasizing gliomas: A report of three cases and critical review of the literature. Human Pathology 10:453\u2013467, 1979.","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"key":"50100056_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1995.tb00614.x","volume":"5","author":"AS Lossinsky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lossinsky AS, Mossakowski MJ, Pluta R, et al: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) upregulation in human brain tumors as an expression of increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Brain Pathol 5:339\u2013344, 1995.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"50100056_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.5.0771","volume":"47","author":"C Mavroudis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Mavroudis C, Townsend JJ, Wilson CB: A metastasizing ependymoma of the cauda equina. J Neurosurg 47:771\u2013775, 1977.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"50100056_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1983.59.3.0369","volume":"59","author":"JG McComb","year":"1983","unstructured":"McComb JG: Recent research into the nature of cerebrospinal fluid formation and absorption. J Neurosurg 59:369\u2013383, 1983.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"50100056_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197708)40:2<907::AID-CNCR2820400247>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"40","author":"SJ Mork","year":"1977","unstructured":"Mork SJ, Loken AC: Ependymoma: a follow-up study of 101 cases. Cancer 40:907\u2013915, 1977.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"50100056_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930220109","volume":"22","author":"DM Morris","year":"1983","unstructured":"Morris DM, Steinert HR, Wiernik PH: Ineffectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic ependymoma of the cauda equina. J Surg Oncol 22:33\u201336, 1983.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"50100056_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00177617","volume":"14","author":"HB Newton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Newton HB, Henson J, Walker RW: Extraneural metastases in ependymoma. J Neurooncol 14:135\u2013142, 1992.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"50100056_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920415)69:8<2149::AID-CNCR2820690822>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"69","author":"HB Newton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Newton HB, Rosenblum MK, Walker RW: Extraneural metastases of infratentorial glioblastoma multiforme to the peritoneal cavity. Cancer 69:2149\u20132153, 1992.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"50100056_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(83)90089-0","volume":"21","author":"M Oehmichen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Oehmichen M, Wietholter H, Gruninger H, et al: Destruction of intracerebrally applied red blood cells in cervical lymph nodes. Experimental investigations. Forensic Sci Int 21:43\u201357, 1983.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"50100056_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691806","volume":"45","author":"M Oehmichen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Oehmichen M, Gruninger H, Wietholter H, et al: Lymphatic efflux of intracerebrally injected cells. Acta Neuropathol Berl 45:61\u201365, 1979.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Berl"},{"key":"50100056_CR22","first-page":"2490","volume":"68","author":"B Pasquier","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pasquier B, Le Marc Hadour F, Dieny A, et al: Diffuse bone metastases. Cancer 68:2490\u20132491, 1991.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"50100056_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1961.18.2.0145","volume":"18","author":"RJ Jr Paterson","year":"1961","unstructured":"Paterson RJ Jr, Campbell WG Jr, Parsons H: Ependymoma of the cauda equina with multiple visceral metastases. J Neurosurgery 18:145\u2013150, 1961.","journal-title":"J Neurosurgery"},{"key":"50100056_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.33.6.763","volume":"33","author":"LJ Rubinstein","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rubinstein LJ, Logan WJ: Extraneural metastases in ependymoma of the cauda equina. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33:763\u2013770, 1970.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"50100056_CR25","first-page":"57","volume":"135","author":"D Schreiber","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schreiber D, Schneider J, Heller T,et al: Intrakranielles Ependymom mit extra-neuralen Metastasen. Zentralbl Allg Pathol Pathol Anat 135:57\u201364, 1989.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Allg Pathol Pathol Anat"},{"key":"50100056_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s002920050095","volume":"16","author":"R Schroder","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schroder R, Lorenzen J, Ostertag H, et al: Extraneurale Metastasierung von Hirn- und R\u00fcckenmarktumoren. Bericht \u00fcber 2 F\u00e4lle. Pathologe 16:223\u2013229, 1995.","journal-title":"Pathologe"},{"key":"50100056_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199202000-00009","volume":"30","author":"JS Schweitzer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schweitzer JS, Batzdorf U: Ependymoma of the cauda equina region: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in 15 patients. Neurosurgery 30:202\u2013207, 1992.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"50100056_CR28","first-page":"1151","volume":"8","author":"RJ Sevick","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sevick RJ, Johns RD, Curry BJ: Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumor with extraneural metastases. Am J Neuroradiol 8:1151\u20131152, 1987.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"50100056_CR29","first-page":"639","volume":"10","author":"KD Sharman","year":"1956","unstructured":"Sharman KD: A metastasizing ependymoma of the cauda equina. Indian J Med Sci 10:639\u2013641, 1956.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"50100056_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/02688699646862","volume":"10","author":"S Sgouros","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sgouros S, Malluci CL, Jackowski A: Spinal ependymomas. The value of postoperative radiotherapy for residual disease control. BrJ Neurosurg 10:559\u2013566, 1996.","journal-title":"BrJ Neurosurg"},{"key":"50100056_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850815)56:4<883::AID-CNCR2820560431>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"56","author":"PR Sonneland","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sonneland PR, Scheithauer BW, Onofrio BM: Myxopapillary ependymoma. A clinico-pathologic and immunocytochemical study of 77 cases. Cancer 56:883\u2013893, 1985.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"50100056_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-80035-1_3","volume":"142","author":"M Streit","year":"1996","unstructured":"Streit M, Schmidt R, Hilgenfeld RU, et al: Adhesion receptors in malignant transformation and dissemination of gastrointestinal tumors. Recent Results Cancer Res 142:19\u201350, 1996.","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res"},{"key":"50100056_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050070071018","volume":"40","author":"JLA Vanneste","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vanneste JLA: Subacute bilateral malignant exophtalmus due to orbital medulloblastoma metastases. Arch Neurol 40:441\u2013443, 1983.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"50100056_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1955)8:1<161::AID-CNCR2820080123>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"8","author":"L Weiss","year":"1955","unstructured":"Weiss L: A metastasizing ependymoma of the cauda equina. Cancer 8:161\u2013171, 1955.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"50100056_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.26.12.929","volume":"26","author":"DG Wight","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wight DG, Holley KJ, Finbow JA: Metastasizing ependymoma of the cauda equina. J Clin Pathol 26:929\u2013935, 1973.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"50100056_CR36","volume-title":"The spread of tumors in the human body","author":"RA Willis","year":"1952","unstructured":"Willis RA: The spread of tumors in the human body, 2th ed, Mosby, St Louis, 1952.","edition":"2th ed"}],"container-title":["Pathology &amp; Oncology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/index\/pdf\/10.1053\/paor.1999.0056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T05:36:38Z","timestamp":1510810598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1053\/paor.1999.0056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}},"alternative-id":["50100056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/paor.1999.0056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1219-4956"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1219-4956","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}}}