{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:31:44Z","timestamp":1791311504732,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T03:46:10Z","timestamp":1030247170000},"page":"257-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Circulating CD8+ T cells in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: A review"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Martinez-Taboada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Fito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jose Bartolome","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Delgado-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Rodriguez-Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-2-162","article-title":"Temporal arteritis: a 25 year epidemiological, clinical and pathologic study","volume":"88","author":"Huston","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib2","first-page":"734","article-title":"Arteritis de c\u00e9lulas gigantes: estudio de 191 pacientes","volume":"105","author":"Armona","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00005","article-title":"Proximal bursitis in active polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"127","author":"Salvarani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(84)90012-X","article-title":"Long term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for synovitis","volume":"13","author":"Healey","year":"1984","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib5","first-page":"519","article-title":"Joint imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"51","author":"O'Duffy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390719","article-title":"Leukocyte infiltration in synovial tissue from the shoulder of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: quantitative analysis and influence of corticosteroid treatment","volume":"39","author":"Meliconi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00117-4","article-title":"Risk factors and predictive models of giant cell arteritis in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"102","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Valverde","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370411","article-title":"HLA-DRB1 alleles in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Weyand","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117428","article-title":"Functional profile of tissue infiltrating and circulating CD68+ cells in giant cell arteritis: evidence for two components of the disease","volume":"94","author":"Wagner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360913","article-title":"Correlation of interleukin-6 production and disease activity in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"36","author":"Roche","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00003","article-title":"Tissue cytokine patterns distinguish polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"121","author":"Weyand","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib12","first-page":"355","article-title":"Vasculitis: Concepto, etiopatogenia y clasificacion","volume":"20","author":"Rodriguez-Valverde","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev Esp Reumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00483-X","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis as an antigen driven disease","volume":"21","author":"Weyand","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"The immune system: An introduction","author":"Paul","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.3.951","article-title":"Vascular lesions in giant cell arteritis share clonally expanded T cell specificities","volume":"179","author":"Weyand","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050074","article-title":"Recognition of tissue residing antigen by T cells in vasculitic lesions of giant cell arteritis","volume":"74","author":"Martinez-Taboada","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401699","article-title":"Giant cell vasculitis is a T cell-dependent disease","volume":"8","author":"Brack","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780261005","article-title":"Immunohistologic and cytochemical studies of temporal arteritis","volume":"26","author":"Banks","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2326-5205.1989.tb00020.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphoid and macrophage cell subsets and their immunologic activation markers in temporal arteritis","volume":"32","author":"Cid","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib20","first-page":"1011","article-title":"The inflammatory infiltrate in giant cell arteritis selects against B lymphocytes","volume":"23","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Taboada","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib21","first-page":"82","article-title":"HLA-DR expression in the vascular lesion and circulating T lymphocytes of patients with giant cell arteritis","volume":"73","author":"Andersson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208086","article-title":"Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"14","author":"Uddhammar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0078","article-title":"Clonally expanded CD8 T cells in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"79","author":"Martinez-Taboada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.10.730","article-title":"Circulating T cell subtypes in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: variation in the proportion of CD8+ cells with prednisolone treatment","volume":"52","author":"Pountain","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib25","first-page":"306","article-title":"Decreased level of suppressor\/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8+) in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis: relation to disease activity","volume":"12","author":"Elling","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.4.307","article-title":"Selective depletion and activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes from peripheral blood of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"48","author":"Dasgupta","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780261209","article-title":"Decrease of the OKT8 positive T cell subset in polymyalgia rheumatica: lack of correlation with disease activity","volume":"26","author":"Benlahrache","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib28","first-page":"333","article-title":"Abnormalities of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"2","author":"Chelazzi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.7.642","article-title":"CD8 lymphocyte subsets in active polymyalgia rheumatica: comparison with elderly-onset and adult rheumatoid arthritis and influence of prednisone therapy","volume":"35","author":"Boiardi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib30","first-page":"629","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of reduced CD8 lymphocyte levels in the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib31","first-page":"627","article-title":"CD8+ lymphocyte subset in polymyalgia rheumatica and arteritis temporalis: inverse relationship between the acute hepatic phase reactants and the CD8+ T-cell subset","volume":"7","author":"Elling","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib32","first-page":"1020","article-title":"The value of proportion of CD8+ T lymphocyte levels in distinguishing polymyalgia rheumatica from early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Corrigall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib33","first-page":"225","article-title":"CD8+ T lymphocyte subset in giant cell arteritis and related disorders","volume":"17","author":"Elling","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/32.8.666","article-title":"Lymphocyte subpopulations analysis in peripheral blood in polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis","volume":"32","author":"Macchioni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.2.194-a","article-title":"Lymphocyte subpopulation analysis in peripheral blood in polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis","volume":"33","author":"Pountain","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.4.283-a","article-title":"Circulating T cell subtypes in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: variation in the proportion of CD8+ cells with prednisolone treatment","volume":"53","author":"Panayi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.10.730","article-title":"Circulating T cell subtypes in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: variation in the proportion of CD8+ cells with prednisolone treatment","volume":"52","author":"Pountain","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.11.780","article-title":"The Cambridge dilemma","volume":"53","author":"Elling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib39","first-page":"129","article-title":"On the utility of CD8 level assessment in the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis","volume":"12","author":"Salvarani","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-5-672","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica: a 10-year epidemiologic and clinical study","volume":"97","author":"Chuang","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1497::AID-ART22>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permanent visual loss and cerebrovascular accidents in giant cell arteritis. Predictors and response to treatment","volume":"41","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9 (suppl)","key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib42","first-page":"S-356","article-title":"Long-term outcome of 162 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"41","author":"Fito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-5-613","article-title":"Daily and alternate-day corticosteroid regimens in treatment of giant cell arteritis: comparison in a prospective study","volume":"82","author":"Hunder","year":"1975","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9 (suppl)","key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib44","first-page":"S-69","article-title":"Efficacy of low dose steroids in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)","volume":"40","author":"Catoggio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","article-title":"The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Arnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.5.2086","article-title":"Enumeration of T lymphocyte subsets by monoclonal antibodies in young and aged humans","volume":"127","author":"Nagel","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib47","first-page":"15","article-title":"Subpopulations of mononuclear cells in aging: expansion of the null cell compartment and decrease in the number of T and B cells in human blood","volume":"55","author":"Lithgart","year":"1985","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(82)90110-7","article-title":"Effects of various isolation methods for human peripheral lymphocytes on T cell subsets determined in a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS), and demonstration of a sex difference of suppressor\/cytotoxic T cells","volume":"54","author":"Iwatany","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib49","first-page":"148","article-title":"Characterization of immunoregulatory T lymphocytes during aging by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"48","author":"Mascart-Lemone","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90170-9","article-title":"Selective loss of OKT8 lymphocytes on density gradient centrifugation separation of blood mononuclear cells","volume":"61","author":"De Paoli","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(87)90434-0","article-title":"Analysis of T cell subsets in normal adults: Comparison of whole blood lysis technique to Ficoll-Hypaque separation by flow cytometry","volume":"98","author":"Renzi","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(89)90008-2","article-title":"Lymphocyte subset analysis by flow cytometry: comparison of three different staining techniques and effects of blood storage","volume":"118","author":"Ashmore","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(92)90120-I","article-title":"The effect of the temperature and duration of sample storage on the measurements of lymphocyte subpopulations from HIV-1 positive and control subjects","volume":"151","author":"Ekong","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.11.781-a","article-title":"The Cambridge dilemma","volume":"53","author":"Pountain","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107544","article-title":"The effect of in vivo hydrocortisone on subpopulations of human lymphocytes","volume":"53","author":"Fauci","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107591","article-title":"Human lymphocyte subpopulations: effect of corticosteroids","volume":"53","author":"Yu","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9(supp)","key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib57","first-page":"S-189","article-title":"Steroid responsiveness of clonal CD8 populations in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"38","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Taboada","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90201-Y","article-title":"Publication bias in clinical research","volume":"337","author":"Easterbrook","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036298","article-title":"Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature","volume":"9","author":"Greenland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib60","series-title":"Statistical methods for meta-analysis","author":"Hedges","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib62","first-page":"293","article-title":"Conceptos actuales sobre la patogenia de la arteritis de c\u00e9lulas gigantes","volume":"21","author":"Martinez-Taboada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev Esp Reumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib63","first-page":"225","article-title":"CD8+ T lymphocyte subset in giant cell arteritis and related disorders","volume":"17","author":"Elling","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib64","first-page":"629","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of reduced CD8 lymphocyte levels in the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440240081012","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica without significantly increased ESR: a more benign syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib66","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Cancer in association with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis","volume":"20","author":"Haga","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440230030005","article-title":"Diagnostic dilemmas in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"157","author":"Brooks","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib68","first-page":"570","article-title":"The value of CD8 assessment in distinguishing polymyalgia rheumatica from early elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"23","author":"Salvarani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.8.667","article-title":"Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein in the assessment of polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis on presentation and during follow up","volume":"48","author":"Kyle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.42.2.168","article-title":"The ESR in the diagnosis and management of the polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Ellis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib71","first-page":"73","article-title":"Giant cell arteritis with erythrocyte sedimentation rate lower than 50","volume":"19","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Taboada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400128","article-title":"Frequency of a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with active, untreated arteritis temporalis and polymyalgia rheumatica: comment on the article by Helfgott and Kieval","volume":"40","author":"Olsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6721.344","article-title":"Stopping steroids in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"300","author":"IKyle","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90309-2","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica: duration of therapy and long term outcome","volume":"79","author":"Ayoub","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.8.640","article-title":"Role of peripheral CD8 lymphocytes and soluble IL-2 receptor in predicting the duration of corticosteroid treatment in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"54","author":"Salvarani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.9.976","article-title":"The sequential analysis of T lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-6 in polymyalgia rheumatica as predictors of disease remission and steroid withdrawal","volume":"36","author":"Corrigall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib77","first-page":"25","article-title":"Evaluation of T cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Veys","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.1.351","article-title":"Synovial fluid lymphocytes differ from peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"128","author":"Fox","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198007173030303","article-title":"Loss of suppressor T cells in active multiple sclerosis: analysis with monoclonal antibodies","volume":"303","author":"Reinherz","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780250410","article-title":"Use of monoclonal antibodies to analyze peripheral blood and salivary gland lymphocyte subsets in Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Fox","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib81","first-page":"449","article-title":"The use of monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies to study T cell imbalances in human diseases","volume":"45","author":"Bach","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib82","first-page":"475","article-title":"Enumeration of T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets in autoimmune disease using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"45","author":"Raeman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109948","article-title":"Alterations in immunoregulatory T-cell subsets in active SLE","volume":"66","author":"Morimoto","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib84","first-page":"264","article-title":"Abnormalities of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis","volume":"97","author":"Inoshita","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12285191","article-title":"Circulating T and B cell abnormalities in cutaneous lupus erythematosus","volume":"86","author":"King","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780241106","article-title":"Ia+ T cells in synovial fluid and tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Burmester","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib87","first-page":"745","article-title":"Depletion of CD8+ T-cells in first degree relatives of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and arteritis temporalis","volume":"13","author":"Johansen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib88","first-page":"745","article-title":"A genetic approach to the aetiology of giant cell arteritis: depletion of the CD8+ T-lymphocyte subset in relatives of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and arteritis temporalis","volume":"13","author":"Johansen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780170105","article-title":"Familial aggregation of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis","volume":"17","author":"Liang","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780260717","article-title":"Increased frequency of HLA-DR3 and DR4 in polymyalgia rheumatica-giant cell arteritis","volume":"26","author":"Lowenstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1279","article-title":"Genetic control of the CD4\/CD8 T cell ratio in humans","volume":"1","author":"Amadori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib92","first-page":"1100","article-title":"Soluble interleukin 2 receptors in polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis","volume":"19","author":"Salvarani","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib93","first-page":"1865","article-title":"Serum soluble CD4 and CD8 levels in polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"22","author":"Salvarani","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117051","article-title":"The apoptosis-1\/FAS protein in human systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"93","author":"Mysler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib95","first-page":"307","article-title":"Abnormal expression of apoptosis-related antigens, Fas and Bcl-2, on circulating T lymphocyte subsets in primary Sjogren syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Ichikawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401602","article-title":"Oligoclonality in the human CD8+ T cell repertoire in normal subjects and monozygotic twins: implications for studies of infectious and autoimmune diseases","volume":"1","author":"Monteiro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.2.609","article-title":"Clonal populations of T cells in normal elderly humans: the equivalent to \u201cbenign monoclonal gammapathy.\u201d","volume":"179","author":"Posnett","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830240830","article-title":"Clonal expansions of V delta 1+ and V delta 2+ cells increase with age and limit the repertoire of human gamma delta T cells","volume":"24","author":"Giachino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199701000-00002","article-title":"Multisystem interactions in the pathogenesis of vasculitis","volume":"9","author":"Weyand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370817","article-title":"CD4+ and CD8+ T cell expansions using selected TCR V and J gene segments at the onset of giant cell arteritis","volume":"37","author":"Grunewald","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4(Suppl)","key":"10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734_bib101","first-page":"43W","article-title":"The effect of suppressor T-lymphocytes on the formation of multinucleated giant cells from human monocyte precursors","volume":"30","author":"DeCoteau","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017201108899?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017201108899?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T04:52:12Z","timestamp":1682139132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049017201108899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0049017201108899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/sarh.2001.9734","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-0172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-0172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}