{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:29:59Z","timestamp":1791062999404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,14]],"date-time":"2003-01-14T18:11:29Z","timestamp":1042567889000},"page":"163-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Autoimmune disease complicating antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Leslie E.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Widman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Dikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Gorevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib1","first-page":"613","article-title":"High prevalence of serologic markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"21","author":"Clifford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib2","first-page":"75","article-title":"Serologic and clinical markers of autoimmune disease in HCV-infected subjects with different disease conditions","volume":"17","author":"Valenti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-639.x","article-title":"Incidence, character, and clinical relevance of mixed cryoglobulinemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"104","author":"Wong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2000.00204.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of serum cryoglobulins in patients with chronic hepatitis. C","volume":"7","author":"Cicardi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Viral Hepatitis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2801::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"43","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib6","first-page":"1620","article-title":"Development of rheumatoid arthritis after hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"34","author":"Sawada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200101000-00001","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection mimicking primary Sjogren's syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Ramos-Casals","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib8","first-page":"109","article-title":"Systemic vasculitis in patients with hepatitis. C","volume":"28","author":"Cacoub","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib9","first-page":"50","article-title":"Renal involvement in hepatitis C infection: cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis","volume":"54","author":"D'Amico","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Intl"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib10","first-page":"579","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-related arthritis: characteristics and response to therapy with interferon alpha","volume":"18","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib11","first-page":"2245","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome or sicca syndrome in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Loustaud-Ratti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.861","article-title":"Neurologic complications associated with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"53","author":"Tembl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80184-X","article-title":"A survey of adverse events in 11, 241 patients with chronic viral hepatitis treated with alfa interferon","volume":"24","author":"Fattovich","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.8.3525","article-title":"Thyroid function and autoimmunity during interferon beta-1b treatment: a multicenter prospective study","volume":"86","author":"Durelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.5858\/1999-123-0119-EOC","article-title":"Evaluation of cryoglobulins","volume":"123","author":"Kallemuchikkal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib16","first-page":"310","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematous after alfa-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"95","author":"Fukuyama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050081","article-title":"Pericarditis after therapy with interferon-alfa for chronic hepatitis C","volume":"18","author":"Boonen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib18","first-page":"1621","article-title":"Induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by interferon-gamma in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Graninger","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib19","first-page":"831","article-title":"Interferon-gamma induced exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17","author":"Machold","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199608000-00012","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed during interferon alfa therapy","volume":"89","author":"Morris","year":"1996","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80913-8","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in a child receiving long-term interferon therapy","volume":"120","author":"Tolaymat","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.8.787","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus following interferon therapy","volume":"33","author":"Flores","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830410215","article-title":"35-year-old patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia developing systemic lupus erythematosus after alfa-interferon therapy","volume":"41","author":"Mehta","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911001)68:7<1536::AID-CNCR2820680713>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Development of systemic lupus erythematosus after interferon therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"68","author":"Schilling","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900515)65:10<2237::AID-CNCR2820651013>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Exacerbation of symptoms of autoimmune disease in patients receiving alfa-interferon therapy","volume":"65","author":"Conlon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00144.x","article-title":"Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by interferon-\u03b1 treatment in a patient with a malignant carcinoid tumor","volume":"227","author":"Ronnblom","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Int Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.6-1-34","article-title":"Interferon in oncological practice: review of interferon biology, clinical applications, and toxicities","volume":"6","author":"Jonasch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib28","first-page":"154","article-title":"Hepatitis C: therapeutic perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Cornberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forum (Genova)"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92785-0","article-title":"Recombinant gamma interferon and autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"2","author":"Bhakri","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80113-9","article-title":"Side effects of high-dose interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C","volume":"25","author":"Okanoue","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-3-178","article-title":"Autoimmunity after alfa-interferon therapy for malignant carcinoid tumors","volume":"115","author":"Ronnblom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(92)90250-R","article-title":"Lupus-like autoimmune disease induced by interferon therapy for myeloproliferative disorders","volume":"65","author":"Wandl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Immuno Immunopath"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib33","first-page":"227","article-title":"Polyarthritis following interferon alpha treatment in a patient with localized Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"19","author":"Reinhold-Keller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011206","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis induced by \u03b1-interferon therapy","volume":"20","author":"De Souza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02826219","article-title":"Dermatomyositis after interferon alpha treatment","volume":"17","author":"Dietrich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib36","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Bechet's disease induced by interferon therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Segawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749709065666","article-title":"Psoriatic arthritis with spinal involvement in a patient receiving alpha-interferon for chronic hepatitis C","volume":"26","author":"Lombardini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(05)80292-4","article-title":"Drug-related lupus syndromes and their relationship to spontaneously occurring systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"5","author":"Alarcon-Segovia","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ballieres Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197907053010102","article-title":"Immune interferon in the circulation of patients with autoimmune disease","volume":"301","author":"Hooks","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib40","first-page":"562","article-title":"Serum levels of interferons in patients with systemic lupus erythmatosus","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00772.x","article-title":"Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a circulating inducer of interferon-alpha (IFN-\u03b1) production acting on leucocytes resembling immature dendritic cells","volume":"115","author":"Vallin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6303","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.11.6306","article-title":"Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and immunostimulatory plasmid DNA in combination mimic the endogenous IFN-\u03b1 inducer in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"163","author":"Vallin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)01955-X","article-title":"An aetiopathologic role for the type I IFN system in SLE","volume":"22","author":"Ronnblom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F59","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.12.f59","article-title":"A pivotal role for the natural interferon \u03b1-producing cells (plamacytoid denditic cells) in the pathogenesis of lupus","volume":"194","author":"Ronnblom","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6317","article-title":"Inhibition of B cell receptor-mediated apoptosis by IFN","volume":"162","author":"Su","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8661","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.19.8661","article-title":"Enforced BCL2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease","volume":"88","author":"Strasser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib47","first-page":"3073","article-title":"BCL-2 oncogene (B cell lymphoma\/leukemia-2) levels correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity","volume":"19","author":"Miret","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830261244","article-title":"Modulation of Apo-1\/Fas (CD95)-induced programmed cell death in myeloma cells by interferon-\u03b12","volume":"26","author":"Egle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211193272104","article-title":"A role for hepatitis C virus infection in type II cryoglobulinemia","volume":"327","author":"Agnello","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80197-9","article-title":"In vitro reactivity of cryoglobulin IgM and IgG in hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia","volume":"28","author":"Schott","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2488::AID-ANR16>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Evaluation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody seroconversion induced by minocycline, sulfasalazine, or penicillamine","volume":"43","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1431::AID-ANR3>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Current evidence for the induction of autoimmune rheumatic manifestations by cytokine therapy","volume":"43","author":"Ioannou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07718-8","article-title":"Adverse reactions to TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"359","author":"Grantham-McGregor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017202000744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0049017202000744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T18:04:51Z","timestamp":1682445891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0049017202000744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0049017202000744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/sarh.2002.37277","relation":{},"ISSN":["0049-0172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0049-0172","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]}}}