{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:17:35Z","timestamp":1791105455603,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]],"date-time":"2001-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1007164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Neonatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T11:24:48Z","timestamp":1027682688000},"page":"453-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Retinopathy of prematurity: causation"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Janet R.","family":"Mccolm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(42)92088-9","article-title":"Extreme prematurity and fibroblastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind each crystalline lens:(1) Preliminary report","volume":"25","author":"Terry","year":"1942","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1951.tb109040.x","article-title":"Intensive oxygen therapy as a possible cause of retrolental fibroplasia. A clinical approach","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.38.7.397","article-title":"Effect of oxygen on developing retinal vessels with particular reference to the problem of retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"38","author":"Ashton","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(53)91779-6","article-title":"Oxygen studies in retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"36","author":"Patz","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90297-5","article-title":"The role of oxygen in retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"94","author":"Patz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1956.00930040489001","article-title":"Cooperative study of retrolental fibroplasia and the use of oxygen","volume":"56","author":"Kinsey","year":"1956","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(60)80083-2","article-title":"Recent increase in mortality from hyaline membrane disease","volume":"57","author":"Avery","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF8","first-page":"578","article-title":"Cerebral palsy in children of very low birth weight","volume":"38","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92610-X","article-title":"Cost of preventing retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"2","author":"Cross","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.67.6.924","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: an estimate of vision loss in the United States \u2013 1979","volume":"67","author":"Phelps","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.3.405","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity-induced blindness: Birthweight specific survival and the new epidemic","volume":"86","author":"Gibson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.3.e26","article-title":"Current incidence of retinopathy of prematurity, 1989\u20131997","volume":"104","author":"Hussain","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.5.421-a","article-title":"Causes of visual handicap in the Royal Blind School, Edinburgh, 1991\/2 [5]","volume":"78","author":"Fleck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)99028-5","article-title":"The incidence of ophthalmologic interventions in children with birth weights less than 1251 grams. Results through 5 1\/2 years. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group","volume":"105","author":"Repka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1067\/mpa.2001.113843","article-title":"Decreased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity, 1995\u20131997","volume":"5","author":"Blair","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-8531(99)70094-7","article-title":"The decreasing incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"9","author":"Bullard","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthamol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078003359.x","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity, a decrease in frequency and severity. Trends over 16 years in a Danish county","volume":"78","author":"Fledelius","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20000501-05","article-title":"New developments in neonatology: less severe retinopathy of prematurity?","volume":"37","author":"Termote","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.4.534","article-title":"Severe retinopathy of prematurity and steroid exposure","volume":"90","author":"Batton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040020688003","article-title":"Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary newborn intensive care unit","volume":"101","author":"Campbell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02073381","article-title":"The apparent role of blood transfusions in the development of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"152","author":"Cooke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92475-2","article-title":"Transcutaneous oxygen levels in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"346","author":"Cunningham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00747.x","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: risk factors in a prospective population- based study","volume":"6","author":"Darlow","year":"1992","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF24","first-page":"31","article-title":"An audit of the 1995 Royal College of Ophthalmologists guidelines for screening for retinopathy of prematurity applied retrospectively in one regional neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"9","author":"Fleck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204163261603","article-title":"A cohort study of transcutaneous oxygen tension and the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity [see comments]","volume":"326","author":"Flynn","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb17621.x","article-title":"Perinatal factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"82","author":"Gallo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(86)90200-X","article-title":"Logistic analysis of risk factors in acute retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"102","author":"Hammer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050641","article-title":"Blood transfusion. Iron load and retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"156","author":"Hesse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.5.601","article-title":"Antenatal dexamethasone and decreased severity of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"116","author":"Higgins","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90820-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of retinopathy of prematurity","author":"Ng","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.5.522","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"63","author":"Prendiville","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.4.202","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity in surfactant treated infants","volume":"76","author":"Rankin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090050052027","article-title":"Surfactant prophylaxis and retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"111","author":"Repka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.2.159","article-title":"Retinopathy of Prematurity: Incidence and Risk Factors","volume":"72","author":"Shohat","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF35","first-page":"137","article-title":"The mode of development of the vascular system of the retina. With some observations on its significance for certain retinal diseases","volume":"68","author":"Michaelson","year":"1948","journal-title":"Transactions of the Ophthalmological Society UK"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4738","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-04738.1995","article-title":"Development of retinal vasculature is mediated by hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by neuroglia","volume":"15","author":"Stone","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/35012132","article-title":"Growth factors: Formation of endothelial cell networks","volume":"405","author":"Helmlinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/74651","article-title":"Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Carmeliet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.18.1.0287","article-title":"The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"18","author":"Ferrara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-4327(93)90008-H","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: Origins in the architecture of the retina","volume":"12","author":"Chan-Ling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal Research"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1095-1024","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a survival factor for newly formed retinal vessels and has implications for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"1","author":"Alon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75794-0","article-title":"Increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreousof eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"118","author":"Adamis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412013312203","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders","volume":"331","author":"Aiello","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10457","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10457","article-title":"Suppression of retinal neovascularization in vivo by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using soluble VEGF-receptor chimeric proteins","volume":"92","author":"Aiello","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689608997411","article-title":"Retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression is altered in relation to neovascularization in oxygen induced retinopathy","volume":"15","author":"Donahue","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF46","first-page":"182","article-title":"Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha is increased in ischemic retina: Temporal and spatial correlation with VEGF expression","volume":"40","author":"Ozaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Investi Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(54)92034-6","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity (retrolental fibrolpasia) and oxygen","volume":"37","author":"Bedrossian","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1955.00930010520008","article-title":"Effect of oxygen weaning in retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"53","author":"Bedrossian","year":"1955","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.73.1.1","article-title":"Effects of marginal hypoxemia on recovery from oxygen induced retinopathy in the kitten model","volume":"73","author":"Phelps","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF50","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Supplemental oxygen therapy: Basis for noninvasive treatment of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"36","author":"Chan-Ling","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198807000-00024","article-title":"Reduced severity of oxygen-induced retinopathy in kittens recovered in 28% oxygen","volume":"24","author":"Phelps","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.2.295","article-title":"Supplemental therapeutic oxygen for prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity (STOP-ROP), a randomized, controlled trial. I: Primary outcomes","volume":"105","author":"Phelps","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00920938","article-title":"The progression of retinopathy of prematurity and fluctuation in blood gas tension","volume":"231","author":"Saito","year":"1992","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF54","first-page":"576","article-title":"Variable oxygen exposure causes preretinal neovascularisation in the newborn rat","volume":"34","author":"Penn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF55","first-page":"2063","article-title":"The range of PaO2 variation determines the severity of oxygen induced retinopathy in newborn rats","volume":"36","author":"Penn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF56","first-page":"4275","article-title":"A novel model of retinopathy of prematurity simulating preterm oxygen variability in the rat","volume":"41","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689609017637","article-title":"Long-term retinal vascular abnormalities in an animal model of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"15","author":"Roberto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF58","first-page":"3429","article-title":"Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat: Relationship of retinal nonperfusion to subsequent neovascularization","volume":"35","author":"Penn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80874-5","article-title":"Transcutaneous monitoring of oxygenation: What is normal?","volume":"108","author":"Mok","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF60","first-page":"2194","article-title":"Oxygen and Developmental Retinal Capillary Remodelling in the Kitten","volume":"31","author":"Phelps","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.84.2.F106","article-title":"Pulse oximetry, severe retinopathy, and outcome at one year in babies of less than 28 weeks gestation","volume":"84","author":"Tin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF62","first-page":"39","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity (1) birth weight, gestational age and maximum PaCO2","volume":"12","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tokai J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1987.04460020044024","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity. Risk factors in a five-year cohort of critically ill premature neonates","volume":"141","author":"Brown","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.5.1082","article-title":"Randomised trial of permissive hypercapnia in preterm infants","volume":"104","author":"Mariani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.9.1044","article-title":"Is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood related to the development of retinopathy of prematurity?","volume":"85","author":"Gellen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1080\/02713689808951233","article-title":"Carbon-dioxide induced retinopathy in the neonatal rat","volume":"17","author":"Holmes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF67","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Preretinal neovascularization associated with acetazolamide-induced systemic acidosis in the neonatal rat","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00831-S","article-title":"Hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human epithelial cells is mediated by increases in mRNA stability","volume":"370","author":"Shima","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.16.1897","article-title":"Dominant-negative and targeted null mutations in the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase, tek, reveal a critical role in vasculogenesis of the embryo","volume":"8","author":"Dumont","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF70","first-page":"2089","article-title":"Adult and newborn rat inner retinal oxygenation during carbogen and 100% oxygen breathing","volume":"37","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198902000-00025","article-title":"The effect of arterial PCO2-variations on ocular and cerebral blood flow in the newborn piglet","volume":"25","author":"Stiris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(99)00038-9","article-title":"Intra-arterial blood pressure reference ranges, death and morbidity in very low birthweight infants during the first seven days of life","volume":"56","author":"Cunningham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(01)00115-3","article-title":"The role of blood transfusions and iron intake on retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"62","author":"Dani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008390","article-title":"Do recombinant human erythropoietin and iron supplementation increase the risk of retinopathy of prematurity?","volume":"159","author":"Romagnoli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200511","article-title":"The effect of anemia on retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"21","author":"Englert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF76","first-page":"999","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: incidence and risk factors","volume":"33","author":"Rekha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31937-2","article-title":"Calf lung surfactant extract prophylaxis and retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"99","author":"Repka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.5.420","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity in a controlled trial of prophylactic surfactant treatment","volume":"80","author":"Pennefather","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19940501-11","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of surfactant prophylaxis in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"31","author":"Holmes","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.5.753","volume":"86","author":"Fujiwara","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01959221","article-title":"Surfactant replacement therapy: A new risk factor in developing retinopathy of prematurity?","volume":"153","author":"Termote","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb13958.x","article-title":"Less severe retinopathy of prematurity induced by surfactant replacement therapy","volume":"85","author":"Termote","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF83","first-page":"283","article-title":"The effect of an angiostatic steroid on neovascularization in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"42","author":"Penn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199903000-00004","article-title":"Hyperoxia and glucocorticoid modify retinal vessel growth and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in newborn rabbits","volume":"45","author":"Lawas-Alejo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF85","first-page":"75","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity and antenatal corticosteroids. The Italian ROP Study Group","volume":"68","author":"Console","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Biomed Ateneo Parmense"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200531","article-title":"Association of postnatal dexamethasone use and fungal sepsis in the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity and progression to laser therapy in extremely low-birth-weight infants","volume":"21","author":"Haroon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF87","first-page":"CD001145","article-title":"Delayed (>3 weeks) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants (Cochrane Review)","volume":"2","author":"Halliday","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF88","first-page":"CD001146","article-title":"Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants (Cochrane Review)","volume":"1","author":"Halliday","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF89","first-page":"CD001144","article-title":"Moderately early (7\u201314 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants (Cochrane Review)","volume":"1","author":"Halliday","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000047059","article-title":"Postnatal dexamethasone treatment and retinopathy of prematurity in very-low-birth-weight neonates","volume":"79","author":"Cuculich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199908000-00010","article-title":"Indomethacin improves oxygen-induced retinopathy in the mouse","volume":"46","author":"Nandgaonkar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF92","first-page":"H628","article-title":"Increased thromboxane-mediated contractions of retinal vessels of newborn pigs to peroxides","volume":"268","author":"Abran","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.6.2279","article-title":"Role of thromboxane in retinal microvascular degeneration in oxygen-induced retinopathy","volume":"90","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106283442602","article-title":"Long-term effects of indomethacin prophylaxis in extremelylow-birth-weight infants","volume":"344","author":"Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2000.0036","article-title":"The treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. A review and overview of randomized trials","volume":"6","author":"Knight","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198508153130701","article-title":"Effect of bright light in the hospital nursery on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"313","author":"Glass","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.4.648","article-title":"Light and retinopathy of prematurity: Does retinal location offer a clue?","volume":"89","author":"Fielder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805283382202","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of light reduction in preventing retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"338","author":"Reynolds","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1177\/014860718601000163","article-title":"Serum vitamin E levels in very low-birth weight infants receiving vitamin E in parenteral nutrition solutions","volume":"10","author":"DeVito","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF100","first-page":"237","article-title":"Autoxidative damage to the retina: Potential role in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"24","author":"Katz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Birth Defects: Original Article Series"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.4.489","article-title":"Tocopherol efficacy and safety for preventing retinopathy of prematurity: A randomized, controlled, double-masked trial","volume":"79","author":"Phelps","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70031-3","article-title":"Vitamin E prophylaxis to reduce retinopathy of prematurity: A reappraisal of published trials","volume":"131","author":"Raju","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1990.tb16963.x","article-title":"Is routine vitamin E administration justified in very low-birthweight infants?","volume":"32","author":"Law","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF104","first-page":"1836","article-title":"Oxygen-induced retinopathy in the rat. Vitamins C and E as potential therapies","volume":"33","author":"Penn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00479-0","article-title":"Effect of a water-soluble vitamin E analog, Trolox C, on retinal vascular development in an animal model of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"22","author":"Penn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f9","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.84.1.F9","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of oral vitamin A supplementation in preterm infants to prevent chronic lung disease","volume":"84","author":"Wardle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20000301-06","article-title":"Relationship between serum inositol concentration and development of retinopathy of prematurity: a prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Friedman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205073261901","article-title":"Inositol supplementation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"326","author":"Hallman","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100150653015","article-title":"Identification of missense mutations in the Norrie disease gene associated with advanced retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"115","author":"Shastry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s100380170085","article-title":"Insertion and deletion mutations in the dinucleotide repeat region of the Norrie disease gene in patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"46","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1159\/000046473","article-title":"Molecular dissection of Norrie disease","volume":"162","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100150606005","article-title":"Racial variation in retinopathy of prematurity. The Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group","volume":"115","author":"Saunders","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF113","first-page":"296","article-title":"The protective role of bilirubin in oxygen-radical diseases of the preterm infant","volume":"14","author":"Hegyi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF114","first-page":"CD001073","article-title":"D-Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants (Cochrane Review)","volume":"1","author":"Phelps","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.6.1426","article-title":"Outcomes of extremely premature infants related to their peak serum bilirubin concentrations and exposure to phototherapy","volume":"102","author":"Yeo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01956419","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity and bilirubin \u2013 No clinical evidence for a beneficial role of bilirubin as a physiological anti-oxidant","volume":"153","author":"Fauchere","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70336-7","article-title":"Bilirubin levels and severe retinopathy of prematurity in infants with estimated gestational ages of 23 to 26 weeks","volume":"135","author":"DeJonge","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00686-8","article-title":"Neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with triplet pregnancy","volume":"91","author":"Kaufman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16989","article-title":"Single versus repeated-course antenatal corticosteroids: outcomes in singleton and multiple-gestation pregnancies","volume":"18","author":"Dirnberger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200492","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of preterm twins and higher-order multiple births","volume":"21","author":"Suri","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80092-0","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity in multiple-gestation pregnancies","volume":"125","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70160-1","article-title":"Neonatal outcome of very premature infants from multiple and singleton gestations","volume":"177","author":"Nielsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstetr Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101113998","article-title":"Low IGF-1 suppresses VEGF-survival signalling in retinal endothelial cells: direct correlation with clinical retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"98","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/70963","article-title":"Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent retinal neovascularization by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Med"},{"key":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0079_RF125","first-page":"198","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity and weight of the baby's chart","volume":"5","author":"Enzenauer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Neonatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S108427560190079X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S108427560190079X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T05:12:22Z","timestamp":1682140342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S108427560190079X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S108427560190079X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/siny.2001.0079","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-2756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1084-2756","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}}}