{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T03:28:08Z","timestamp":1779074888720,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]],"date-time":"2006-05-03T13:06:04Z","timestamp":1146661564000},"page":"122-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Epidural analgesia: Effects on labor progress and maternal and neonatal outcome"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Leighton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198609000-00010","article-title":"Obstetric anesthesia: A national survey","volume":"65","author":"Gibbs","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199707000-00018","article-title":"Obstetric anesthesia work force survey, 1981 versus 1992","volume":"87","author":"Hawkins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(96)00359-6","article-title":"Association of epidural analgesia with cesarean delivery in nulliparas","volume":"88","author":"Lieberman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90377-3","article-title":"The effect of continuous epidural analgesia on cesarean section for dystocia in nulliparous women","volume":"161","author":"Thorp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.3.415","article-title":"Epidural analgesia, intrapartum fever, and neonatal sepsis evaluation","volume":"99","author":"Lieberman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6742.9","article-title":"Epidural anaesthesia and long term backache after childbirth","volume":"301","author":"MacArthur","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib7","first-page":"3","article-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachinick","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib8","series-title":"Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine","author":"Sackett","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.24.2105","article-title":"Effect of epidural vs. parenteral opioid analgesia on the progress of labor","volume":"280","author":"Halpern","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013580","article-title":"Randomized controlled comparison of epidural bupivacaine versus pethidine for analgesia in labour","volume":"84","author":"Loughnan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70669-1","article-title":"Epidural analgesia in association with duration of labor and mode of delivery: a quantitative review","volume":"180","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348809004235","article-title":"Benefits of continuous infusion epidural analgesia throughout vaginal delivery","volume":"67","author":"Johnsrud","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib13","first-page":"323","article-title":"Continuous infusion epidural analgesia with lidocaine: Efficacy and influence during the second stage of labor","volume":"69","author":"Chestnut","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199004000-00006","article-title":"Continuous epidural infusion of 0.0625% bupivacaine-0.0002% fentanyl during the second stage of labor","volume":"72","author":"Chestnut","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198706000-00011","article-title":"The influence of continuous epidural bupivacaine analgesia on the second stage of labor and method of delivery in nulliparous women","volume":"66","author":"Chestnut","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199904000-00017","article-title":"Lumbar sympathetic blocks speed early and second stage induced labor in nulliparous women","volume":"90","author":"Leighton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6713.1423","article-title":"Oxytocin infusion during second stage of labour in primiparous women using epidural analgesia: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"299","author":"Saunders","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199910000-00010","article-title":"Is combined spinal-epidural analgesia associated with more rapid cervical dilation in nulliparous patients when compared with conventional epidural analgesia","volume":"91","author":"Tsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200104001-00003","article-title":"Latent phase cervical dilation is faster during epidural meperidine than during epidural bupivacaine labor analgesia in nulliparous, induced-labor patients","volume":"94","author":"Kiselev","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90015-B","article-title":"The effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on nulliparous labor: A randomized, controlled, prospective trial","volume":"169","author":"Thorp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/81.4.507","article-title":"Comparison of epidural bolus administration of 0.25% bupivacaine and 0.1% bupivacaine with 0.0002% fentanyl for analgesia during labour","volume":"81","author":"James","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198805000-00013","article-title":"Continuous infusion epidural analgesia during labor: A randomized, double-blind comparison of 0.0625% bupivacaine\/0.0002% fentanyl versus 0.125% bupivacaine","volume":"68","author":"Chestnut","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1983.tb08611.x","article-title":"Oxytocin deficiency at delivery with epidural analgesia","volume":"90","author":"Goodfellow","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1530\/reprod\/120.2.367","article-title":"Effect of progesterone on the activation of neurones of the supraoptic nucleus during parturition","volume":"120","author":"Antonijevic","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(62)90057-1","article-title":"Myometrial and cardiovascular responses to alterations in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine","volume":"84","author":"Zuspan","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90076-5","article-title":"Maternal catecholamines decrease during labor after lumbar epidural anesthesia","volume":"147","author":"Shnider","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(80)90248-3","article-title":"Morphologic and histochemical evidence for the occurrence of collagenolysis and for the role of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes during cervical dilation","volume":"138","author":"Junqueira","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65431-4","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce expression of matrix-metabolizing enzymes in human cervical smooth muscle cells","volume":"154","author":"Watari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)90446-5","article-title":"Ripening of the human uterine cervix related to changes in collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and collagenolytic activity","volume":"147","author":"Uldjerg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00032-9","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a bioerodible bupivacaine polymer system on antinociception and inflammatory mediator release","volume":"82","author":"Garry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(93)90053-A","article-title":"Effects of lumbar epidural analgesia on prostaglandin F2 alpha release and oxytocin secretion during labor","volume":"45","author":"Behrens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198708000-00005","article-title":"Histamine release by four narcotics: a double-blind study in humans","volume":"66","author":"Flacke","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib33","first-page":"143","article-title":"Effects of pethidine on central neurotransmitters: Changes in the state of tolerance","volume":"38","author":"Nowakowska","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pol J Pharmacol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994644","article-title":"Direct stimulation of urokinase, plasmin, and collagenase by meperidine: A possible mechanism for the ability of meperidine to enhance cervical effacement and dilation","volume":"10","author":"Milwidsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-999684","article-title":"Influence of meperidine on fetal movements and heart rate beat-to-beat variability in the active phase of labor","volume":"5","author":"Zimmer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08869.x","article-title":"Effects of routinely given pethidine during labour on infants' developing breastfeeding behavior. Effects of dose-delivery time interval and various concentrations of pethidine\/norpethidine in cord plasma","volume":"86","author":"Nissen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92579-7","article-title":"Effect of delivery room routines on success of first breast-feed","volume":"336","author":"Righard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(64)90055-9","article-title":"The role of the autonomic nervous system in uterine contractility and blood flow. I. The interaction between neurohormones and sex steroids in the intact and isolated uterus","volume":"89","author":"Shabanah","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(64)90056-0","article-title":"The role of the autonomic nervous system in uterine contractility and blood flow. II. The role of the parasympathetic neurohormone acetylcholine in uterine motility and blood flow","volume":"89","author":"Shabanah","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106677","article-title":"The effect of a rapid change in availability of epidural analgesia on the cesarean delivery rate: A meta-analysis","volume":"183","author":"Segal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1997.tb02411.x","article-title":"Factors influencing the selection of analgesia in spontaneously labouring nulliparous women at term","volume":"37","author":"Dickinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199807000-00026","article-title":"Epidural labor analgesia and the incidence of cesarean delivery for dystocia","volume":"87","author":"Fogel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00214-7","article-title":"The effect of instituting an elective labor epidural program on the operative delivery rate","volume":"90","author":"Lyon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib44","first-page":"231","article-title":"Effect of epidural analgesia on the primary cesarean rate","volume":"78","author":"Gribble","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70505-2","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of risk factors for operative delivery in nulliparous women","volume":"176","author":"Turcot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-289X(97)80047-7","article-title":"Hyperthermia related to epidural analgesia during labor","volume":"6","author":"Mercier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199905000-00008","article-title":"Epidural analgesia during labor and maternal fever","volume":"90","author":"Philip","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"8649","key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92341-6","article-title":"Maternal pyrexia associated with the use of epidural analgesia in labour","volume":"1","author":"Fusi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/67.5.565","article-title":"Maternal temperature regulation during extradural analgesia for labour","volume":"67","author":"Camann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)93020-1","article-title":"Temperature, labour, and epidural analgesia","volume":"2","author":"Gleeson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199906000-00017","article-title":"Shivering and shivering-like tremor during labor with and without epidural analgesia","volume":"90","author":"Panzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198904000-00021","article-title":"The effect of epidural sufentanil on shivering and body temperature in the parturient","volume":"68","author":"Sevarino","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/64.3.346","article-title":"Body temperature and anaesthesia","volume":"64","author":"Imrie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199807000-00009","article-title":"The effects of meperidine and sufentanil on the shivering threshold in postoperative patients","volume":"89","author":"Alfonsi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.1999.00083.x","article-title":"Effect of labor analgesia on breastfeeding success","volume":"26","author":"Halpern","year":"1999","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib56","first-page":"625","article-title":"The effect on breastfeeding rate of regional anesthesia technique for cesarean and vaginal childbirth","volume":"65","author":"Albani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(89)80058-0","article-title":"The relationship between maternal labour analgesia and delay in the initiation of breastfeeding in healthy neonates in the early neonatal period","volume":"5","author":"Matthews","year":"1989","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(05)80250-5","article-title":"The impact of obstetric procedures and analgesia\/anaesthesia during labour and delivery on breast feeding","volume":"10","author":"Rajan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.1.89","article-title":"Infant feeding policies in maternity wards and their effect on breast-feeding success: an analytical overview","volume":"84","author":"Perez-Escamilla","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7016.1336","article-title":"Epidural anaesthesia and low back pain after delivery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"331","author":"Macarthur","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199711000-00019","article-title":"Is epidural anesthesia in labor associated with chronic low back pain? A prospective cohort study","volume":"85","author":"Macarthur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199407000-00006","article-title":"Factors associated with back pain after childbirth","volume":"81","author":"Breen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6888.1299","article-title":"Assessing long term backache after childbirth","volume":"306","author":"Russell","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(00)00950-9","article-title":"Obstetric risk factors for stress urinary incontinence: A population-based study","volume":"96","author":"Persson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(99)80047-4","article-title":"Obstetric history in women with surgically corrected adult urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse","volume":"6","author":"Carley","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib66","first-page":"984","article-title":"Epidural anesthesia during labor and stress incontinence after delivery","volume":"82","author":"Viktrup","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(92)90239-U","article-title":"Incidence and cause of postpartum urinary stress incontinence","volume":"43","author":"Dimpfl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.06020130.x","article-title":"Postpartum surveillance of urinary retnetion by ultrasonography: The effect of epidural analgesia","volume":"6","author":"Weissman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01648831","article-title":"Risk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation","volume":"1","author":"Snooks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1053\/sper.2002.32201_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(1999)18:5<419::AID-NAU2>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Stress urinary incontinence: Prevalence among nulliparous compared with primiparous and grand multiparous premenopausal women","volume":"18","author":"Groutz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146000502800040?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0146000502800040?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,7]],"date-time":"2023-05-07T09:00:06Z","timestamp":1683450006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0146000502800040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0146000502800040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/sper.2002.32201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-0005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-0005","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}