{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:37:58Z","timestamp":1793284678164,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T10:55:08Z","timestamp":1032432908000},"page":"10-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":253,"title":["Inactivation of Transmissible Degenerative Encephalopathy Agents: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"D.M.","family":"TAYLOR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34075-X","article-title":"Periodate\u2014an inhibitor of the scrapie agents?","volume":"13","author":"ADAMS","year":"1972","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Effects of several disinfectants and gas sterilisation on the infectivity of scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease","author":"ASHER","year":"1981","journal-title":"Abstracts of the Twelfth World Congress of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF3","first-page":"20","article-title":"Practical inctivation of scrapie agent on surfaces","author":"ASHER","year":"1986","journal-title":"Abstracts of the IXth International Congress of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF4","first-page":"147","article-title":"Attempts to disinfect surfaces contaminated with etiological agents of the spongiform encephalopathies","author":"ASHER","year":"1987","journal-title":"Abstracts of the VIIth International Congress of Virology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92460-B","article-title":"Surgical instruments and disease transmission","volume":"341","author":"AYLIFFE","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198205273062107","article-title":"Chemical disinfection of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus","volume":"306","author":"BROWN","year":"1982","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.2.683","article-title":"Effects of chemicals, heat and histopathological processing on high-infectivity hamster-adapted scrapie virus","volume":"145","author":"BROWN","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF8","series-title":"Virus non Conventionnels et Affections du Systeme Nerveux Central","first-page":"156","article-title":"The effect of chemicals, heat, and histopathologic processing on high-infectivity hamster-adapted scrapie virus","author":"BROWN","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.6.1145","article-title":"Newer data on the inactivation of scrapie virus or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus in brain tissue","volume":"153","author":"BROWN","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.3.467","article-title":"Resistance of scrapie agent to steam autoclaving after formaldehyde fixation and limited survival after ashing at 360\u00b0C: practical and theoretical implications","volume":"161","author":"BROWN","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.6.887","article-title":"A simple and effective method for inactivating virus infectivity in formalin-fixed tissue samples from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease","volume":"40","author":"BROWN","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90298-X","article-title":"Precise targeting of the pathology of the sialoglycoprotein, PrP, and vacuolar degeneration in mouse scrapie","volume":"102","author":"BRUCE","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1994.0036","article-title":"Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice; strain variation and the species barrier","volume":"343","author":"BRUCE","year":"1994","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF14","unstructured":"BRUCE, M.E., WILL, R.G., IRONSIDE, J.W., MCCONNELL, I., DRUMMOND, D., SUTTIE, A., MCCARDLE, L., CHREE, A., HOPE, J., BIRKETT, C., COUSENS, S., FRASER, H. & BOSTOCK, C.J. (199 Transmissions to mice indicate that \u2018new variant\u2019 CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Lancet389498501."},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-66-7-1357","article-title":"Nature of the scrapie agent: current status of facts and hypotheses","volume":"66","author":"CARP","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5347.42","article-title":"BSE and prions: uncertainties about the agent","volume":"279","author":"CHESEBRO","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF17","unstructured":"DHSS, 1984, Management of patients with spongiform ncephalopathy Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)]."},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF18","series-title":"Slow Virus Diseases of Animals and Man","first-page":"209","article-title":"Scrapie in sheep and goats","author":"DICKINSON","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF19","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Resistance of scrapie agent to decontamination","volume":"229","author":"DICKINSON","year":"1978","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90035-4","article-title":"Infectivity of unconventional viruses in dura mater","volume":"i","author":"DIRINGER","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(93)90126-C","article-title":"Comparative analysis of scrapie agent inactivation","volume":"41","author":"ERNST","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/34818","article-title":"Straining the prion hypothesis","volume":"391","author":"FARQUHAR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-8-1891","article-title":"Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice","volume":"173","author":"FRASER","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF24","series-title":"Infections of the Nervous System","article-title":"Slow, latent and temperate virus infections of the central nervous system","author":"GAJDUSEK","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF25","series-title":"The Viruses","article-title":"Inactivation of viruses","author":"GARD","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-3-2-281","article-title":"The effect of B-propiolactone on the scrapie agent","volume":"3","author":"HAIG","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34807-0","article-title":"Further experiments on the comparative potency of tissue extracts from mice infected with scrapie","volume":"5","author":"HUNTER","year":"1964","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(67)90039-4","article-title":"Attempts to release the scrapie agent from tissue debris","volume":"77","author":"HUNTER","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(69)90033-4","article-title":"Further studies of infectivity and stability of extracts and homogenates derived from scrapie affected mouse brains","volume":"79","author":"HUNTER","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90021-7","article-title":"Disinfection studies with two strains of mouse passaged scrapie agent","volume":"59","author":"KIMBERLIN","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF31","series-title":"Slow Transmissions of the Central Nervous System","first-page":"387","article-title":"Inactivations of the agents of scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru by radiations","author":"LATARJET","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289709015793","article-title":"Decontamination of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and other transmissible agents","volume":"3","author":"MANUELIDIS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurovirology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5385.1961c","article-title":"Cleaning CJD-contaminated instruments","volume":"281","author":"MANUELIDIS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF34","series-title":"Slow Virus Diseases of Animals and Man","first-page":"243","article-title":"The physico-chemical nature of the scrapie agent","author":"MILLSON","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34749-0","article-title":"Scrapie in mice. The stability of the agent to various suspending media, pH and solvent extraction","volume":"6","author":"MOULD","year":"1965","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF36","unstructured":"POCCHIARI, M. (Unpublished data cited by HORAUD, F.) (1993) Safety of medicinal products: summary, Developments in Biological Standardization, 80, 207, 8."},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6675","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.11.6675","article-title":"Scrapie agent contains a hydrophobic protein","volume":"78","author":"PRUSINER","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Science"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF38","series-title":"Methods in Virology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-470208-0.50014-1","article-title":"Prions: methods for assay, purification, and characterisation","author":"PRUSINER","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190113","article-title":"Precautions in handling tissues, fluids, and other contaminated materials from patients with documented or suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease","volume":"19","author":"ROSENBERG","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(59)80026-6","article-title":"Further studies on scrapie","volume":"69","author":"STAMP","year":"1959","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF41","first-page":"29","article-title":"Survival of BSE and scrapie agents at 200\u00b0C","author":"STEELE","year":"1999","journal-title":"Abstracts of a Meeting of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310679","article-title":"Proposal for a procedure for complete inactivation of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent","volume":"119","author":"TAGUCHI","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240326","article-title":"Inactivation of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent","volume":"24","author":"TAMAI","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240325","article-title":"Inactivation of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent","volume":"24","author":"TATEISHI","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1991.tb01544.x","article-title":"Practical methods for chemical inactivation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease pathogen","volume":"35","author":"TATEISHI","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200621","article-title":"Decontamination of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent","volume":"20","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1991.tb00731.x","article-title":"Spongiform encephalopathies","volume":"17","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(91)90059-O","article-title":"Resistance of the ME7 scrapie agent to peracetic acid","volume":"27","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1991","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072648","article-title":"Inactivation of SE agents","volume":"49","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(94)00114-C","article-title":"Survival of mouse-passaged bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent after exposure to paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate and formic acid","volume":"44","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1995","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF51","unstructured":"TAYLOR, D. M. 1996, Transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathies: practical aspects of agent inactivation. Transmissible Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathies: Prion Disease. IIIrd International Symposium on Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathies: Prion Diseases, L. CourtD. Dodet, 479, 482."},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF52","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Disinfection Preservation and Sterilisation","first-page":"222","article-title":"Transmissible degenerative encephalopathies","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90067-1","article-title":"Inactivation of prions by physical and chemical means","volume":"43","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90689-E","article-title":"Prevention of iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease","volume":"341","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1996.tb00902.x","article-title":"The response of the 22A strain of scrapie agent to microwave irradiation compared with boiling","volume":"22","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92276-3","article-title":"Autoclaving does not decontaminate formol-fixed scrapie tissues","volume":"i","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310794","article-title":"Decontamination studies with the agents of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie","volume":"139","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1994","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-12-3161","article-title":"The effect of dry heat on the ME7 strain of scrapie agent","volume":"77","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00103-X","article-title":"Inactivation of the 22A strain of scrapie agent by autoclaving in sodium hydroxide","volume":"58","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(97)00165-X","article-title":"The effect of formic acid on BSE and scrapie infectivity in fixed and unfixed brain-tissue","volume":"58","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00257-0","article-title":"Observations on thermostable populations of of the unconventional agents that cause transmissible degenerative encephalopathies","volume":"64","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.1.6","article-title":"Solvent extraction as an adjunct to rendering; the effect on BSE and scrapie agents of hot solvents, followed by dry heat and steam","volume":"143","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF63","article-title":"Boiling in sodium hydroxide inactivates mouse-passaged BSE agent","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Abstracts of a Meeting of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00026-7","article-title":"Survival of scrapie agent after exposure to sodium dodecyl sulphate and heat","volume":"67","author":"TAYLOR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.73.6.661","article-title":"Conditions for the chemical and physical inactivation of the K.Fu. strain of the agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease","volume":"73","author":"WALKER","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406_RF66","unstructured":"WILSON, D. R. 1955, Unpublished work cited by Dickinson, A.G."}],"container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023399904069?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023399904069?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T16:38:24Z","timestamp":1581007104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090023399904069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1090023399904069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0406","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}