{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T14:29:06Z","timestamp":1793456946333,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"DOI":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,19]],"date-time":"2003-05-19T20:14:53Z","timestamp":1053375293000},"page":"19-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Congenital malformations of the genital tract and their management"],"prefix":"10.1053","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"D.Keith","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azziz, R, Mulaikal, RM, Migeon, CJ, et al, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: long-term results following vaginal reconstruction, Fertility and Sterility, 1986;, 46, 1011, \u2013 1014","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)49872-9"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krege, S, Walz, KH, Hauffa, BP, et al, Long-term follow-up of female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 21-hydroxylase deficiency, with special emphasis on the results of vaginoplasty, British Journal of Urology International, 2000;, 86, 253, \u2013 258","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00789.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Creighton, SM, Minto, CL, &, Steele, SJ, Objective cosmetic and anatomical outcomes at adolescence of feminising surgery for ambiguous genitalia done in childhood, Lancet, 2001;, 358, 124, \u2013 125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05343-0"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patil, U, &, Hixson, FP, The role of tissue expanders in vaginoplasty for congenital malformations of the vagina, British Journal of Urology, 1992;, 70, 554, \u2013 557","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.1992.70.5.554"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randolph, JG, &, Hung, W, Reduction clitoroplasty in females with hypertrophied clitoris, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1970;, 5, 224, \u2013 231","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(70)90279-4"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman, K, Randolph, J, &, Parson, S, Functional results in young women having clitoral reconstruction as infants, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1992;, 27, 180, \u2013 183","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(92)90308-T"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF7","unstructured":"Rock, JA, Zacur, HA, Dlugi, AM, et al, Pregnancy success following surgical correction of imperforate hymen and complete transverse vaginal septum, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1982;, 59, 448, \u2013 451"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rock, JA, Reeves, LA, Retto, H, et al, Success following vaginal creation for Mullerian agenesis, Fertility and Sterility, 1983;, 39, 809, \u2013 813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)47121-9"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aittomaki, K, Eroila, H, &, Kajanoja, P, A population-based study of the incidence of Mullerian aplasia in Finland, Fertility and Sterility, 2001;, 76, 624, \u2013 625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01963-X"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simpson, JL, Genetics of the female reproductive ducts, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 1999;, 89, 224, \u2013 239","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19991229)89:4<224::AID-AJMG7>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF11","unstructured":"Lischke, JH, Curtis, CH, &, Lamb, EJ, Discordance of vaginal agenesis in monozygotic twins, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1973;, 41, 920, \u2013 924"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF12","unstructured":"Shokeir, MH, Pregnancy in five women with 45,X\/46,XX and 45,X\/47,XXX gonadal dysgenesis, Birth Defects Original Article Series, 1978;, 14, 171, \u2013 184"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carson, SA, Simpson, JL, Malinak, LR, et al, Heritable aspects of uterine anomalies II. Genetic analysis of Mullerian aplasia, Fertility and Sterility, 1983;, 40, 86, \u2013 90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)47182-7"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrozza, JC, Gray, MR, Davis, AJ, &, Reindollar, RH, Congenital absence of the uterus and vagina is not commonly transmitted as a dominant genetic trait: outcomes of surrogate pregnancies, Fertility and Sterility, 1997;, 67, 387, \u2013 389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81927-9"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strubbe, EH, Cremers, CW, Willemsen, WN, et al, The Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser (MRKH) syndrome without and with associated features: two separate entities?, Clinical Dysmorphology, 1994;, 3, 192, \u2013 199","DOI":"10.1097\/00019605-199407000-00002"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strubbe, EH, Thijn, CJ, Willemsen, WN, &, Lappohn, R, Evaluation of radiographic abnormalities of the hand in patients with the Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser syndrome, Skeletal Radiology, 1987;, 16, 227, \u2013 231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00356958"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffin, JE, Edwards, C, Madden, JD, et al, Congenital absence of the vagina. The Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser syndrome, Annals of Internal Medicine, 1976;, 85, 224, \u2013 236","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-2-224"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF18","unstructured":"Strubbe, EH, Cremers, CW, Dikkers, FG, &, Willemsen, WN, Hearing loss and the Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser syndrome, American Journal of Otology, 1994;, 15, 431, \u2013 436"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF19","unstructured":"Kaplan, EH, Congenital absence of vagina. Psychiatric aspects of diagnosis and management, New York State Journal of Medicine, 1968;, 68, 1937, \u2013 1941"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan, EH, Congenital absence of the vagina, Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 1970;, 39, 52, \u2013 70","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1970.11926516"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF21","unstructured":"Poland, ML, &, Evans, TN, Psychologic aspects of vaginal agenesis, Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 1985;, 30, 340, \u2013 344"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edmonds, DK, Congenital malformations of the genital tract, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 2000;, 27, 49, \u2013 62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(00)80006-6"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weijenborg, PT, &, ter Kuile, MM, The effect of a group programme on women with the Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser syndrome, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2000;, 107, 365, \u2013 368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13232.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 274, July 2002. Nonsurgical diagnosis and management of vaginal agenesis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2002;, 100:, 213\u2013216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02158-0"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF25","unstructured":"Amussat, JZ, Observation sur une operation de vagin artificiel pratigee avec success, par une nouveau procede suivie de queoques reflection sur les vices de conformation du vagin, Gazette Medicale de Paris, 1835;, 50, 785, \u2013 790"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank, TR, The formation of an artificial vagina without operation, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1938;, 35, 1053, \u2013 1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(38)90400-4"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingram, JM, The bicycle seat stool in the treatment of vaginal agenesis and stenosis: a preliminary report, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1981;, 140, 867, \u2013 873","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90076-4"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hojsgaard, A, &, Villadsen, I, McIndoe procedure for congenital vaginal agenesis: complications and results, British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1995;, 48, 97, \u2013 102","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(95)90104-3"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alessandrescu, D, Peltecu, GC, Buhimschi, CS, &, Buhimschi, IA, Neocolpopoiesis with split-thickness skin graft as a surgical treatment of vaginal agenesis: retrospective review of 201 cases, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996;, 175, 131, \u2013 138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70262-4"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashworth, MF, Morton, KE, Dewhurst, J, et al, Vaginoplasty using amnion, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1986;, 67, 443, \u2013 446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1986.tb07813.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF31","unstructured":"Jackson, ND, &, Rosenblatt, PL, Use of interceed absorbable adhesion barrier for vaginoplasty, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1994;, 84, 1048, \u2013 1050"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davydov, SN, &, Zhvitiashvili, OD, Formation of vagina (colpopoiesis) from peritoneum of Douglas pouch, Acta Chirurgiae Plasticae, 1974;, 16, 35, \u2013 41","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197411000-00046"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF33","unstructured":"Sneguireff, WF, Un cas d'etablissement d'un vagin artificiel au moyen d'une nouvelle methode operatoire, Archives de Tocologie et de Gynecologie, 1892;, 19, 568, \u2013 577"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF34","unstructured":"Baldwin, J, Formation of an artificial vagina by intestinal transplantation, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1907;, 56, 636, \u2013 640"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratt, JH, Vaginal atresia corrected by use of small and large bowel, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1972;, 15, 639, \u2013 649","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-197209000-00003"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruge, E, Ersatz der Vagina durch die Flexur Mittels Laparotomie, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1914;, 40, 120, \u2013 122","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1190115"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF37","unstructured":"Freundt, I, Toolenaar, TA, Huikeshoven, FJ, et al, A modified technique to create a neovagina with an isolated segment of sigmoid colon, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1992;, 174, 11, \u2013 16"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syed, HA, Malone, PS, &, Hitchcock, RJ, Diversion colitis in children with colovaginoplasty, British Journal of Urology International, 2001;, 87, 857, \u2013 860","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02180.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiroi, H, Yasugi, T, Matsumoto, K, et al, Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in a neovagina using the sigmoid colon thirty years after operation: a case report, Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2001;, 77, 61, \u2013 64","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.1067"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soong, YK, Chang, FH, Lai, YM, et al, Results of modified laparoscopically assisted neovaginoplasty in 18 patients with congenital absence of vagina, Human Reproduction, 1996;, 11, 200, \u2013 203","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019019"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ikuta, K, Iida, T, Okada, H, et al, Laparoscopic-assisted creation of a vagina, Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, 1996;, 4, 53, \u2013 56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(96)80109-5"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rangaswamy, M, Machado, NO, Kaur, S, &, Machado, L, Laparoscopic vaginoplasty: using a sliding peritoneal flap for correction of complete vaginal agenesis, European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 2001;, 98, 244, \u2013 248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00313-X"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Templeman, C, Hertweck, P, Levine, R, &, Reich, H, A new technique for the creation of a neovagina, Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2000;, 13, 99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-3188(00)00040-1"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF44","unstructured":"Graves, WP, Artificial vagina, Surgical Clinics of North America, 1921;, 1, 611, \u2013 625"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank, RT, &, Geist, SH, The formation of an artificial vagina by a new plastic technique, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1927;, 14, 712, \u2013 718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(27)90409-8"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCraw, JB, Massey, FM, Shanklin, KD, &, Horton, CE, Vaginal reconstruction with gracilis myocutaneous flaps, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1976;, 58, 176, \u2013 183","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197608000-00006"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tobin, GR, &, Day, TG, Vaginal and pelvic reconstruction with distally based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1988;, 81, 62, \u2013 73","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198801000-00012"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wee, JT, &, Joseph, VT, A new technique of vaginal reconstruction using neurovascular pudendal-thigh flaps: a preliminary report, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1989;, 83, 701, \u2013 709","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198904000-00018"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joseph, VT, Pudendal-thigh flap vaginoplasty in the reconstruction of genital anomalies, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 1997;, 32, 62, \u2013 65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90095-6"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monstrey, S, Blondeel, P, van Landuyt, K, et al, The versatility of the pudendal thigh fasciocutaneous flap used as an island flap, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2001;, 107, 719, \u2013 725","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200103000-00011"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, N, Lilford, RJ, &, Batchelor, A, The free-flap vaginoplasty: a new surgical procedure for the treatment of vaginal agenesis, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1991;, 98, 184, \u2013 188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13366.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giraldo, F, Solano, A, Mora, MJ, et al, The Malaga flap for vaginoplasty in the Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser syndrome: experience and early-term results, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1996;, 98, 305, \u2013 312","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199608000-00015"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lilford, RJ, Sharpe, DT, &, Thomas, DF, Use of tissue expansion techniques to create skin flaps for vaginoplasty. Case report, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1988;, 95, 402, \u2013 407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06614.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, N, Batchelor, A, &, Lilford, RJ, Experience with tissue expansion vaginoplasty, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1991;, 98, 564, \u2013 568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb10371.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF55","unstructured":"Serra, JM, Sanz, J, Ballesteros, A, et al, Surgical treatment for congenital absence of the vagina using tissue expansion, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1993;, 177, 158, \u2013 162"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belloli, G, Campobasso, P, &, Musi, L, Labial skin-flap vaginoplasty using tissue expanders, Pediatric Surgery International, 1997;, 12, 168, \u2013 171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01349991"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, EA, Congenital absence of the vagina\u2014a simple operation for its relief, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 1964;, 71, 511, \u2013 514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1964.tb04315.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Rafael, Z, Bar-Hava, I, Levy, T, &, Orvieto, R, Simplifying ovulation induction for surrogacy in women with Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser syndrome, Human Reproduction, 1998;, 13, 1470, \u2013 1471","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.6.1470"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, EG, Batzer, FR, &, Corson, SL, Ovarian response to gonadotrophins, optimal method for oocyte retrieval and pregnancy outcome in patients with vaginal agenesis, Human Reproduction, 1999;, 14, 1178, \u2013 1181","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.5.1178"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beski, S, Gorgy, A, Venkat, G, et al, Gestational surrogacy: a feasible option for patients with Rokitansky syndrome, Human Reproduction, 2000;, 15, 2326, \u2013 2328","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.11.2326"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldfarb, JM, Austin, C, Peskin, B, et al, Fifteen years experience with an in vitro fertilization surrogate gestational pregnancy programme, Human Reproduction, 2000;, 15, 1075, \u2013 1078","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.5.1075"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, CL, &, Leeton, JF, A case report of bilateral absence of fallopian tubes and ovaries, Asia and Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1987;, 13, 269, \u2013 271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1987.tb00262.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF63","unstructured":"Edmonds, DK, Diagnosis, clinical presentation and management of cervical agenesis. In, Gidwani, G & Falcone, T, (eds), Congenital Malformations of the Genital Tract, Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 1999, pp, 169, \u2013 176"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deppisch, LM, Cysts of the vagina: classification and clinical correlations, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1975;, 45, 632, \u2013 637","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-197506000-00007"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pradhan, S, &, Tobon, H, Vaginal cysts: a clinicopathological study of 41 cases, International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 1986;, 5, 35, \u2013 46","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198603000-00004"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broadbent, TR, Woolf, RM, &, Hebertson, R, Nonoperative construction of the vagina: two unusual cases, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1984;, 73, 117, \u2013 123","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198401000-00029"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberts, CP, Haber, MJ, &, Rock, JA, Vaginal creation for Mullerian agenesis, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2001;, 185, 1349, \u2013 1352","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.119075"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF68","unstructured":"Edmonds DK. Reports to NSCAG 1997\u20132002, 2002"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leduc, B, van Campenhout, J, &, Simard, R, Congenital absence of the vagina. Observations on 25 cases, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1968;, 100, 512, \u2013 520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)33485-2"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF70","unstructured":"Garcia, J, &, Jones, HW, The split thickness graft technique for vaginal agenesis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1977;, 49, 328, \u2013 332"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farber, M, &, Mitchell, GW, Surgery for congenital absence of the vagina, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1978;, 51, 364, \u2013 367","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-197803000-00024"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF72","unstructured":"Wiser, WL, &, Bates, GW, Management of agenesis of the vagina, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1984;, 159, 108, \u2013 112"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buss, JG, &, Lee, RA, McIndoe procedure for vaginal agenesis: results and complications, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1989;, 64, 758, \u2013 761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61747-9"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF74","unstructured":"Counseller, VS, Management of congenital absence of the vagina, Texas Medicine, 1966;, 62, 63, \u2013 67"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF75","unstructured":"Varner, RE, Younger, JB, &, Blackwell, RE, Mullerian dysgenesis, Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 1985;, 30, 443, \u2013 450"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF76","unstructured":"Khanna, S, &, Khanna, NN, Congenital absence of vagina: an analysis of 18 cases corrected by the McIndoe operation using a condom mould, International Surgery, 1982;, 67, 345, \u2013 346"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harkins, JL, Gysler, M, &, Cowell, CA, Anatomical amenorrhea: the problems of congenital vaginal agenesis and its surgical correction, Pediatric Clinics of North America, 1981;, 28, 345, \u2013 354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)34000-7"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryans, FE, Management of congenital absence of the vagina, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1981;, 139, 281, \u2013 284","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90010-7"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF79","unstructured":"Karjalainen, O, Myllynen, L, Kajanoja, P, et al, Management of vaginal agenesis, Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae, 1980;, 69, 37, \u2013 41"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salvatore, CA, &, Lodovicci, O, Vaginal agenesis: an analysis of ninety cases, Acta Obstetrica et Gynaecologica Scandinavica, 1978;, 57, 89, \u2013 94","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347809154205"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunz, J, Held, E, &, Schreiner, WE, Experience with the split-thickness graft technique in congenital absence of the vagina, Archives of Gynecology, 1978;, 226, 227, \u2013 232","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02108903"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feroze, RM, Dewhurst, CJ, &, Welply, G, Vaginoplasty at the Chelsea hospital for women: a comparison of two techniques, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1975;, 82, 536, \u2013 540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1975.tb00683.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page, EW, &, Owsley, JQ, Surgical correction of vaginal agenesis, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1969;, 105, 774, \u2013 785","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(69)90013-1"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cali, RW, &, Pratt, JH, Congenital absence of the vagina. Long-term results of vaginal reconstruction in 175 cases, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1968;, 100, 752, \u2013 763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)33575-4"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, I, Management of the absent vagina at the Chelsea Hospital for Women, Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth, 1965;, 72, 336, \u2013 342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1965.tb01467.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF86","unstructured":"McIndoe, A, Surgical management for vaginal agenesis. In, Skoog, T & Ivy, RH, (eds), The Treatment of Vaginal Atresia, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1955, pp, 414, \u2013 426"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozek, C, Gurler, T, Alper, M, et al, Modified McIndoe procedure for vaginal agenesis, Annals of Plastic Surgery, 1999;, 43, 393, \u2013 396","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199910000-00009"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novak, F, Kos, L, &, Plesko, F, The advantages of the artificial vagina derived from sigmoid colon, Acta Obstetrica et Gynaecologica Scandinavica, 1978;, 57, 95, \u2013 96","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347809154206"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger, RA, Riedmiller, H, Knapstein, PG, et al, IIeocecal vaginal construction, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1989;, 161, 162, \u2013 167","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90256-1"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, TS, &, Kwawukume, EY, Construction of an artificial vagina with sigmoid colon in vaginal agenesis, International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 1994;, 45, 41, \u2013 45","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)90764-1"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franz, RC, Sigmoid colon vaginoplasty: a modified method, British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1996;, 103, 1148, \u2013 1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09599.x"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hensle, TW, &, Reiley, EA, Vaginal replacement in children and young adults, Journal of Urology, 1998;, 159, 1035, \u2013 1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63831-X"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parsons, JK, Gearhart, SL, &, Gearhart, JP, Vaginal reconstruction utilizing sigmoid colon: complications and long-term results, Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2002;, 37, 629, \u2013 633","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2002.31623"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF94","unstructured":"Davydov, SN, 12-year experience with colpopoiesis using the peritoneum, Gynakologe, 1980;, 13, 120, \u2013 121"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mobus, VJ, Kortenhorn, K, Kreienberg, R, &, Friedberg, V, Long-term results after operative correction of vaginal aplasia, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996;, 175, 617, \u2013 624","DOI":"10.1053\/ob.1996.v175.a74926"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamaya, T, &, Imai, A, The use of peritoneum for vaginoplasty in 24 patients with congenital absence of the vagina, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1991;, 249, 15, \u2013 17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02390702"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF97","unstructured":"Borruto, F, Mayer\u2013Rokitansky\u2013Kuster syndrome: Vecchietti's personal series, Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1992;, 19, 273, \u2013 274"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brun, JL, Belleannee, G, Grafeille, N, et al, Long-term results after neovagina creation in Mayer\u2013Rokitanski\u2013Kuster\u2013Hauser syndrome by Vecchietti's operation, European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 2002;, 103, 168, \u2013 172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00031-3"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janisch, H, Riss, P, Schieder, K, &, Rogan, AM, Vecchietti's operation for the formation of a neovagina: technique and results, Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 1984;, 44, 53, \u2013 55","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1036426"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF100","unstructured":"Keckstein, J, Buck, G, Sasse, V, et al, Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina: modified Vecchietti method, Endoscopic Surgery and Allied Technologies, 1995;, 3, 93, \u2013 95"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedele, L, Bianchi, S, Zanconato, G, &, Raffaelli, R, Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina in patients with Rokitansky syndrome: analysis of 52 cases, Fertility and Sterility, 2000;, 74, 384, \u2013 389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00620-8"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khater, E, &, Fatthy, H, Laparoscopic Vecchietti vaginoplasty, Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, 1999;, 6, 179, \u2013 182","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(99)80099-1"},{"key":"10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356_RF103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giacalone, PL, Laffargue, F, Faure, JM, &, Deschamps, F, Ultrasound-assisted laparoscopic creation of a neovagina by modification of Vecchietti's operation, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1999;, 93, 446, \u2013 448","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199903000-00027"}],"container-title":["Best Practice &amp; Research Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693402001347?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1521693402001347?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,20]],"date-time":"2020-03-20T03:00:52Z","timestamp":1584673252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1521693402001347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1521693402001347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/ybeog.2003.0356","relation":{},"ISSN":["1521-6934"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1521-6934","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}}}