{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T23:37:44Z","timestamp":1789861064460,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]],"date-time":"2000-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":954547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Plastic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T11:35:14Z","timestamp":1027683314000},"page":"245-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach: successful use of leeches in plastic surgery in the 1820s"],"prefix":"10.1054","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Roy T.","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-5-399","article-title":"The medicinal leech: a page from the annelids of internal medicine","volume":"109","author":"Adams","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01570698","article-title":"The use of leeches for treatment of venous congestion of the nipple following breast surgery","volume":"16","author":"Gross","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib3","series-title":"Leech Biology and Behaviour (3 volumes)","author":"Sawyer","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(83)90099-1","article-title":"Avulsion of the scalp treated by microvascular repair: the use of leeches for post-operative decongestion","volume":"36","author":"Henderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(84)90079-1","article-title":"The salvage of congested skin flaps by the application of leeches","volume":"34","author":"Batchelor","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib6","first-page":"901","article-title":"Leechmania in microsurgery","volume":"229","author":"Rao","year":"1985","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198704000-00003","article-title":"Microsurgical reattachment of totally amputated ears","volume":"79","author":"Mutimer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100130397","article-title":"Engelberts 1. The use of leeches in a case of postoperative life-threatening macroglossia","volume":"109","author":"Smeets","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197605000-00004","article-title":"Ten free groin flaps","volume":"57","author":"Baudet","year":"1976","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib10","first-page":"265","article-title":"Distal digital replantation: one of the best indications for microsurgery","volume":"3","author":"Foucher","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(60)80036-7","article-title":"Venous congestion of flaps treated by application of leeches","volume":"13","author":"Derganc","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib12","article-title":"Wegbereiter der Chirurgie","author":"Genschorek","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib13","first-page":"129","article-title":"Die abge\u00e4nderte umschlungene Nath als schnelles Heilmittel bei Gesichtswunden","volume":"8","author":"Dieffenbach","year":"1827"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib14","series-title":"Chirurgische Erfahrungen besonders \u00fcber die Wiederherstellung Zerst\u00f6rter Theile des menslichen K\u00f6rpers nach neuen Methoden (2 volumes and atlas)","author":"Dieffenbach","year":"1829-1834"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib15","first-page":"295","article-title":"Autoplastie ou Restauration des Parties du Corps","volume":"4","author":"Blandin","year":"1837","journal-title":"R\u00e9pertoire M\u00e9dico-Chirurgical et Obst\u00e9trical (Bruxelles)"},{"key":"10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276_bib16","first-page":"212","article-title":"Autoplastie","volume":"4","author":"Gu\u00e9rin","year":"1877"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Plastic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007122699932769?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007122699932769?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T23:00:57Z","timestamp":1581030057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007122699932769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007122699932769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/bjps.1999.3276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1226","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}}}