{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:04:35Z","timestamp":1787591075858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiac Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,30]],"date-time":"2003-06-30T19:50:58Z","timestamp":1057002658000},"page":"210-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prescription patterns of diuretics in chronic heart failure: A contemporary background as a clue to their role in treatment"],"prefix":"10.1054","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pompilio","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Opasich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Tavazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Achilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"de Biase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"de Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Tarantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Gonzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo P.","family":"Maggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(90)90317-X","article-title":"Enalapril as initial and sole treatment in severe chronic heart failure with sodium retention","volume":"28","author":"Anand","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90298-9","article-title":"Symptomatic assessment of patients with heart failure: double-blind comparison of increasing doses of diuretics and captopril in moderate heart failure","volume":"2","author":"Cowley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380020030006","article-title":"High-dose furosemide in the treatment of refractory congestive heart failure","volume":"148","author":"Gerlag","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501","article-title":"Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"The SOLVD Investigators","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360801","article-title":"The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure","volume":"336","author":"The Digitalis Investigation Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9","article-title":"The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS II), a randomised trial","volume":"353","author":"CIBIS II Investigators and Committees","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04440-2","article-title":"Effect of metoprolol CR\/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR\/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT HF)","volume":"353","author":"MERIT-HF study group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4901.102568","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: executive summary a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines","volume":"104","author":"Hunt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.57.1.17","article-title":"Untreated heart failure: clinical and neuroendocrine effects of introducing diuretics","volume":"57","author":"Bayliss","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1724","article-title":"Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the studies of left ventricular dysfunction (SOLVD)","volume":"82","author":"Francis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.12.1311","article-title":"Diuretics and risk of arrhythmic death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"100","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00934-6","article-title":"Comparison of one-year outcome in women versus men with chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"86","author":"Opasich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib14","first-page":"741","article-title":"The diagnosis of heart failure","volume":"16","author":"The Task Force on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015339","article-title":"The treatment of heart failure","volume":"18","author":"The Task Force of the Working Group on Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7106.464","article-title":"Withdrawal of long term diuretic medication in elderly patients: a double blind randomised trial","volume":"315","author":"Walma","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90815-X","article-title":"Discontinuation of chronic diuretic therapy in stable congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease or to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"73","author":"Grinstead","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00795-5","article-title":"Furosemide withdrawal in elderly heart failure patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function","volume":"85","author":"van Kraaij","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2690","article-title":"Continuous hemodynamic monitoring during withdrawal of diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"23","author":"Braunschweig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-6-777","article-title":"Renal response to captopril in severe heart failure: role of furosemide in natriuresis and reversal of hyponatremia","volume":"100","author":"Dzau","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.220","article-title":"Effect of intense angiotensin II suppression on the diuretic response to furosemide during chronic ACE inhibition","volume":"90","author":"Good","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00365-9","article-title":"Diuretic treatment and diuretic resistance in heart failure","volume":"106","author":"Kramer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199703000-00010","article-title":"Sequential nephron blockade breaks resistance to diuretics in edematous states","volume":"29","author":"Knauf","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.6.1849","article-title":"Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium: fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"83","author":"Weber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(97)00091-6","article-title":"Aldosterone blockade reduces vascular collagen turnover, improves heart rate variability and reduces early morning rise in heart rate in heart failure patients","volume":"35","author":"MacFadyen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)00729-3","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on ventricular arrhythmias in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated or to ischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"85","author":"Ramires","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.594","article-title":"Spironolactone increases nitric oxide bioactivity, improves endothelial vasodilator dysfunction, and suppresses vascular angiotensin I\/angiotensin II conversion in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"101","author":"Farquharson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(00)90093-0","article-title":"Differences between patients with heart failure treated by cardiologists, internists, family physicians and other physicians: analysis of a large statewide database","volume":"139","author":"Philbin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiac Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071916403000162?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1071916403000162?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T09:25:51Z","timestamp":1552901151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1071916403000162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1071916403000162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/jcaf.2003.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-9164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-9164","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}}}