{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:58:50Z","timestamp":1792601930467,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]],"date-time":"2001-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":999302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T10:55:42Z","timestamp":1032432942000},"page":"398-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Brain injury: the pathophysiology of the first hours.'Talk and Die revisited'"],"prefix":"10.1054","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Peter L","family":"Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92893-7","article-title":"Patients with head injury who talk and die","volume":"11","author":"Reilly","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Chapt 5, Trauma","author":"Graham","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3171\/sup.1991.75.1s.0s28","article-title":"The outcome of severe head injury","volume":"75","author":"Marshall","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF4","series-title":"AANS\/CNS joint section on neurotrauma and critical care","author":"Bullock","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF5","first-page":"643","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of severe head injury","volume":"13","author":"Bullock","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199608000-00011","article-title":"Cerebral oxygenation monitoring by near-infra red spectroscopy is not clinically useful in patients with severe closed-head injury: a comparison with jugular venous bulb oximetry","volume":"24","author":"Lewis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF7","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Determination of cerebral perfusion pressure thresholds in head injured patients","volume":"57","author":"Wong","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF8","first-page":"414","article-title":"The relationship of cerebral blood flow to transcranial Doppler indices and cerebrovascular waveform analysis in a sheep model","volume":"12","author":"Lewis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.717","article-title":"Jugular venous desaturation and outcome after head injury","volume":"57","author":"Gopinath","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(99)90602-1","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler assessment of the lower cerebral autoregulatory threshold","volume":"6","author":"Lewis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.42.3.0274","article-title":"Assessing the effects of mannitol and steroid therapy on intracranial volume\/pressure relationships","volume":"42","author":"Miller","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.5.0523","article-title":"Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid system","volume":"43","author":"Marmarou","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199305000-00014","article-title":"An experimental study of cerebrovascular resistance, pressure transmission and craniospinal compliance","volume":"32","author":"Piper","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.6.0871","article-title":"Systems analysis of cerebrovascular pressure transmission: an observational study in head injured patients","volume":"73","author":"Piper","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF15","first-page":"387","article-title":"Automated time-averaged analysis of craniospinal compliance","volume":"51","author":"Piper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0011","article-title":"Hemodynamic characterization of intracranial pressure plateau waves in head injury patients","volume":"91","author":"Czosnyka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF17","first-page":"488","article-title":"Analysis of cerebrovascular transmission in severe head injury","author":"Lewis","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9502300307","article-title":"Detection of cerebral venous desaturation by continuous jugular bulb oximetry following acute neurotrauma","volume":"23","author":"Lewis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anaesth Intens Care"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF19","article-title":"Determining cerebral perfusion pressure thresholds in severe head trauma","volume":"70","author":"Lewis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.11.1092","article-title":"Vascular reactivity in the primate brain following acute cryogenic injury","volume":"40","author":"Reilly","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199909000-00041","article-title":"Extracellular lactate and glucose alterations in the brain after head injury measured by microdialysis","volume":"27","author":"Goodman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199903000-00016","article-title":"Measuring brain tissue oxygenation compared with jugular venous oxygen saturation for monitoring cerebral oxygenation after traumatic brain injury","volume":"88","author":"Gupta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth-Analg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF23","first-page":"172","article-title":"Bifrontal measurements of brain tissue-PO2in comatose patients","volume":"71","author":"Kiening","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF24","first-page":"162","article-title":"High cerebral perfusion pressure improves low values of local brain tissue O2tension (ptiO2) in focal lesions","volume":"71","author":"Stocchetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.677","article-title":"Is high extracellular glutamate the key to excitotoxicity in traumatic brain injury?","volume":"14","author":"Obrenovitch","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.6.0971","article-title":"Increase in extracellular glutamate caused by reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and seizures after human traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study","volume":"89","author":"Vespa","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.23","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium perturbation induced by traumatic brain injury","volume":"14","author":"Xiong","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7139","article-title":"Moderate post-traumatic hypothermia decreases early calpain-mediated proteolysis and concomitant cytoskeletal compromise in traumatic axonal injury","volume":"159","author":"Buki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571509","article-title":"Axonal injury: a universal consequence of fatal closed head injury?","volume":"89","author":"Gentleman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Berl"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.699","article-title":"Axonal injury in falls","volume":"14","author":"Abou-Hamden","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.675","article-title":"Widespread axonal injury in gunshot wounds to the head using amyloid precursor protein as a marker","volume":"15","author":"Koszyca","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.19.3.163","article-title":"Diffuse degeneration of the cerebral white matter in severe dementia following head injury","volume":"19","author":"Stich","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF33","unstructured":"Cajal, S, Ramon, Y, Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system, Vol. 2. New York, Hafner, 1959"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.565","article-title":"Topography of axonal injury as defined by amyloid precursor protein and the sector scoring method in mild and severe closed head injury","volume":"12","author":"Blumbergs","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.603","article-title":"Loss of axonal microtubules and neurofilaments after stretch-injury to guinea pig optic nerve fibers","volume":"14","author":"Maxwell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1997.14.419","article-title":"A mechanistic analysis of nondisruptive axonal injury: a review","volume":"14","author":"Maxwell","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1996.13.505","article-title":"A head injury model of early axonal injury in the sheep","volume":"13","author":"Lewis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.7.838","article-title":"Diffuse axonal injury in head trauma","volume":"52","author":"Blumbergs","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91712-4","article-title":"Staining of amyloid precursor protein to study axonal damage in mild head injury","volume":"344","author":"Blumbergs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF40","unstructured":"Van Den Heuvel, C, Lewis, S, Manavis, J, Finnie, J, Blumbergs, P, Wong, M, Jones, N, Reilly, P, Diffuse neuronal cell body amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in an ovine head impact model, J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.1999.0168","article-title":"Upregulation of amyloid precursor protein and its mRNA in an experimental model of paediatric head injury","volume":"7","author":"Van Den Heuval","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7150","article-title":"Upregulation of amyloid precursor protein messenger RNA in response to traumatic brain injury: An ovine head impact model","author":"Van Den Heuval","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF43","unstructured":"Van Den Heuvel, C, Finnie, J, Blumbergs, P, Manavis, J, Jones, N, Reilly, P, Pereira, R, Upregulation of neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP) and APP mRNA following magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) therapy in traumatic brain injury, J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF44","first-page":"209","article-title":"Diffuse neuronal perikaryon amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in a focal head impact model","volume":"71","author":"Van Den Heuvel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(99)90010-3","article-title":"Widespread early dendritic injury associated with loss of cortical MAP-2 immunostaining in a focal ovine head impact model","volume":"6","author":"Manavis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.3.0504","article-title":"Improved motor outcome in response to magnesium therapy received up to 24 hours after traumatic diffuse axonal brain injury in rats","volume":"90","author":"Heath","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(99)90011-5","article-title":"Concentration of brain free magnesium following severe brain injury correlates with neurological motor outcome","volume":"6","author":"Heath","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1999.16.511","article-title":"Postinjury cyclosporin A administration limits axonal damage and disconnection in traumatic brain injury","volume":"16","author":"Buki","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.731","article-title":"Novel pharmacologic strategies in the treatment of experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"McIntosh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF50","first-page":"353","article-title":"Cyclosporin A limits calcium-induced axonal damage following traumatic brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Okonkwo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)04318-3","article-title":"Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with outcome after head injury","volume":"350","author":"Teasdale","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586801909166?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0967586801909166?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T17:14:02Z","timestamp":1581009242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0967586801909166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0967586801909166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/jocn.2001.0916","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-5868","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}}}