{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,7]],"date-time":"2024-09-07T01:53:53Z","timestamp":1725674033511},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T11:36:10Z","timestamp":1027683370000},"page":"32-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tuberculosis II: the failure of the BCG vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1054","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"R.F.","family":"Maes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF1","article-title":"La lutte antituberculeuse dans la communaut\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de Belgique: bilan et prospective","author":"Bouckaert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rapport au minist\u00e8re de la communaut\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF2","first-page":"526","volume":"11","year":"1891","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF3","series-title":"L'infection Bacillaire et la Tuberculose chez l' Homme et les Animaux, 2nd edn","author":"Calmette","year":"1922"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF4","unstructured":"Ferru, M."},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1993.tb137919.x","article-title":"Tuberculosis and bureaucracy. BCG: its troubled path to acceptance in Britain and Australia","volume":"159","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med J Austral"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF6","first-page":"17","article-title":"Epilogue de la catastrophe de Lubeck","volume":"2","author":"Calmette","year":"1931","journal-title":"Presse M\u00e9d"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF7","series-title":"The impact of BCG vaccination on mycobacterial disease among children born in Sweden between 1969 and 1993","author":"Romanus","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF8","first-page":"47","article-title":"Second IUATLD study on complications induced by intradermal BCG vaccination","volume":"63","author":"Lotte","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF9","first-page":"209","article-title":"Surveillance active de la m\u00e9ningite tuberculeuse en France en 1990","volume":"48","author":"Grosset","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.3.528","article-title":"The international Tuberculosis Campaign: a pioneering venture in mass vaccination and research","volume":"19","author":"Comstock","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Inf Dis"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF11","first-page":"93","article-title":"Quality control of BCG vaccine by WHO: a review of factors that may influence vaccine effectiveness and safety","volume":"68","author":"Milstien","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91074-K","article-title":"Modern vaccines: mycobacterial diseases","volume":"335","author":"Fine","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S1198-743X(14)65145-4","article-title":"Comparison of A60 and three glycolipid antigens in an Elisa test for tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Simonney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Inf"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF14","article-title":"Letter to the Editors: comments on the report of Simonney et al","volume":"3","author":"Maes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Inf"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(97)90130-X","article-title":"Immunotherapy: a new strategy for tuberculosis control","volume":"91","author":"Grange","year":"1997","journal-title":"Resp Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF16","unstructured":"Archives des Maladies Professionelles, Hygi\u00e8nes, La Lettre de l'Infectiologue, La Semaine des H\u00f4pitaux, Les Feuillets de Biologie, Lyon-Pharmaceutique, Klinisches Labor, Infection, Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriologie, Microbiology Europe, Journal of Medical Microbiology, International Journal of Leprosy, Clinical Infectious Diseases, The Lancet, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Tubercle and Lung Disease"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(96)90019-5","article-title":"Mycobacterial infections: are the observed enigmas and paradoxes explained by immunosuppression and immunodeficiency","volume":"46","author":"Maes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.11.5322","article-title":"Isolation of a proline-rich mycobacterial protein eliciting delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions only in guinea pigs immunized with living mycobacteria","volume":"90","author":"Romain","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.1.18","article-title":"Sequence-based identification of microbial pathogens: a reconsideration of Koch's postulates","volume":"9","author":"Fredricks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF20","first-page":"376","article-title":"Letter to the editors. Controlled clinical trials. Comments on the contribution of Prof. Grosset","volume":"58","author":"Chatterjee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Lepr"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91623-7","article-title":"The challenge of tuberculosis: statements on global control and prevention","volume":"346","author":"Enarson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF22","first-page":"529","article-title":"Controlled clinical trial for evaluation of antimicrobial drug activity against M leprae","volume":"57","author":"Grosset","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Lepr"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.6.994","article-title":"Essential nutrients and immunologic functions","volume":"63","author":"Kelley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF24","first-page":"46","article-title":"Trace elements in pediatrics","volume":"2","author":"Lockitch","year":"1996","journal-title":"JIFCC"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(96)90130-9","article-title":"Stress-induced suppression of the cellular immune reactions: on the neuroendocrine control of the immune system","volume":"46","author":"H\u00e4ssig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1997.tb00917.x","article-title":"Malnutrition in elderly people","volume":"27","author":"Whitehead","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(96)01725-3","article-title":"The effect of age on the expression of IL-2","volume":"89","author":"Pahlavani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(96)01708-3","article-title":"Dysregulation between TH1 and TH2 T cell subpopulations in the elderly","volume":"87","author":"Cakman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1492","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in neutrophils and mononuclear cells from healthy adults and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients","volume":"172","author":"Roberts","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Inf Dis"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1995.1144","article-title":"Role of glutathione in macrophage activation: effect of cellular glutathione depletion on nitrite production and leismanicidal activity","volume":"164","author":"Buchm\u00fcller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(95)02441-7","article-title":"Detection of human IgG antibodies against free N-acetyl-L-cysteine","volume":"48","author":"Maes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF32","first-page":"445","article-title":"Ageing and cigarette smoking are associated with decreased glutathione levels in humans","volume":"92","author":"Richards","year":"1996","journal-title":"South African J Sci"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3071","article-title":"Glutathione levels in antigen-presenting cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns","volume":"95","author":"Peterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(95)02463-8","article-title":"A novel and basic mechanism of immunosuppression in Chagas' disease: Trypanosoma cruzi releases in vitro and in vivo a protein which induces T cell unresponsiveness through specific interaction with cysteine and gluthatione","volume":"48","author":"Ouaissi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.10.2757-2758.1995","article-title":"Recovery of Mycobacterium avium from cigarettes","volume":"33","author":"Eaton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF36","first-page":"360","article-title":"Ungewohnte Aspekte mykobakterieller Erkrankungen","volume":"38","author":"Urbanczik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Klin Lab"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03297.x","article-title":"A longitudinal study of environmental mycobacteria on a farm in south-west England","volume":"82","author":"Donoghue","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Applied Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10030619","article-title":"Neonatal BCG vaccination in Ireland: evidence of its efficacy in the prevention of childhood tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Kelly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91233-0","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis due to BCG in two previously healthy children","volume":"1","author":"Tardieu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.12.4628-4633.1995","article-title":"The antituberculous Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is an attenuated mycobacterial producer of phosphorylated nonpeptidic antigens for human \u03b3\u03b4-T cells","volume":"63","author":"Constant","year":"1995","journal-title":"Inf Immun"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4638","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.12.4638","article-title":"Enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in mice by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration at the elicitation phase","volume":"156","author":"Terashita","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663781","article-title":"BCG-priming enhances endotoxin-induced acute lung injury independent of neutrophils","volume":"152","author":"Tasaka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF43","first-page":"1069","article-title":"The effect of thalidomide on BCG-induced granulomas in mice","volume":"28","author":"Aarestrup","year":"1995","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970106)70:1<128::AID-IJC19>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"BCG stimulate human blood dendritic cells","volume":"70","author":"Thurnher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF45","first-page":"692","article-title":"ycobacterium bovis BCG-induced Th1 type CD4+ suppressor T cells act by suppressing IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression","volume":"11","author":"Mustafa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8479(05)80013-9","article-title":"Humoral immune response in infants after BCG vaccination","volume":"76","author":"Beyazova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tubercle Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.1.330","article-title":"IL-6 produced by macrophages infected with Mycobacterium species suppresses T cell responses","volume":"158","author":"Tambryn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.05050584","article-title":"Sensitivity to sensitins and tuberculin in Swedish children. IV. The influence of BCG-vaccination","volume":"5","author":"Larsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF49","article-title":"Adsorption of sera with M. vaccae antigen for better specificity in tuberculosis serodiagnosis","author":"Marchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Society for mycobact"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF50","unstructured":"Pereira, M. A. Cuboni, A. Wilson, P. Lemma, E. Confirmation that adsorption of sera with M. vaccae antigens is not routinely applicable for the improvement of the serodiagnostic analysis of TB patients, 1996"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197450","article-title":"Incidence of inapparent active mycobacterial infections in France detected by an IgG serological test based on antigen 60","volume":"178","author":"Maes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00150437","article-title":"Public health application of a serological test for tuberculosis: study of the incidence of inapparent infections among employees of an alsacian supermarket","volume":"6","author":"Wirrmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF53","first-page":"15","article-title":"Significato delle misurationi sierologiche ottenute nelle infezioni microbatteriche","volume":"3","author":"Pandiani","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biologi Italiani"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF54","unstructured":"Maccassey, L. Saleeby, C. W. Spahlinger contra tuberculosis 1908\u20131934. An international tribute, John Bale and sons, and Danielson, London, 1934"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0954-6111(95)90248-1","article-title":"Immunotherapy with M. vaccae as an addition to chemotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis under difficult conditions in Africa","volume":"89","author":"Onyebujoh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91421-8","article-title":"Immunological conditions of children with BCG disseminated infection","volume":"346","author":"Casanova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-318.x","article-title":"Synthesis of cytokines during tumour development in mice immunized with the mycobacterial antigen complex A60","volume":"44","author":"Maes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0896-843","article-title":"The Baltimore affair: let's not forget what went wrong. Commentary and Review","volume":"2","author":"Kennedy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/353197a0","article-title":"AIDS scandal indicts French government. \u2018AIDSgate\u2019 \u2013 a chronology","volume":"353","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91624-5","article-title":"The challenge of tuberculosis: treatment in developed countries","volume":"346","author":"Grosset","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706_RF61","first-page":"701","article-title":"European Commission Cost\/STD initiative Vaccines against Tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Harboe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987797907064?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987797907064?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T05:56:39Z","timestamp":1682142999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987797907064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987797907064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/mehy.1997.0706","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}