{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T12:08:48Z","timestamp":1751285328200},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]],"date-time":"2001-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T10:55:42Z","timestamp":1032432942000},"page":"664-671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of antisocial or social attitudes on neurobiological functions"],"prefix":"10.1054","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"W.H.J.","family":"Martens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X00444002","article-title":"Antisocial and psychopathic personality disorders: causes, course and remission \u2013 a review article","volume":"44","author":"Martens","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF2","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders (4-th edn) (DSM-IV) (4th ed.)","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF3","series-title":"Psychiatric aspects of neurologic disease","article-title":"Personality changes with frontal and temporal lobe lesions","author":"Benson","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF4","series-title":"The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Neuropsychiatry","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric aspects of cerebrovascular disorders","author":"Robinson","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF5","series-title":"The American Press textbook of neuropsychiatry","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric aspects of traumatic brain injury","author":"Silver","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199611)52:6<639::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Antisocial personality disorder, childhood delinquency, and frontal brain functioning: EEG and neuropsychological findings","volume":"52","author":"Deckel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF7","article-title":"Higher cortical functions in man","author":"Luria","year":"1980","journal-title":"New York: Basic Books;"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1987)13:3<119::AID-AB2480130303>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Neuropsychology of the aggressive psychopath: an integrative Review","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Aggr Behav"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(93)90076-S","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric impairment in impulsive disorders","volume":"48","author":"Stein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.2.119","article-title":"Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder","volume":"57(2)","author":"Raine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF11","series-title":"Psychopathy: Theory and Research","author":"Hare","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF12","series-title":"The psychopath: A comprehensive study of antisocial disorders and behavior","article-title":"Psychophysiological research on psychopathy","author":"Hare","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700015178","article-title":"The clinical EEG and personality in mentally abnormal offenders","volume":"14","author":"Howard","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70318-X","article-title":"Psychophysiology of anger and violent behavior","volume":"20","author":"Scarpa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF15","series-title":"Abnormal Psychology: Patterns, Issues, Interventions","author":"Costin","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32508.x","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system factors underlying disinhibited, antisocial and violent behavior. Biosocial perspective and treatment implications","volume":"794","author":"Raine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.32.4.624","article-title":"Better autonomic conditioning and faster electrodermal half-recovery time at age 15 years as possible protective factors against crime at age 29 years","volume":"32","author":"Raine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199710000-00029","article-title":"Low resting heart rate at age 3 years predisposes to aggression at age 11 years: Evidence from the Mauritius Child Health Project","volume":"36","author":"Raine","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF19","series-title":"Aggression and violence: Genetic, neurobiological, and biosocial perspectives","article-title":"The patterning of antisocial behavior and autonomic reactivity","author":"Magnusson","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01531.x","article-title":"Anxiety, antisocial behavior, and heart rate regulation in adolescent males","volume":"38","author":"Mezzacappa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF21","article-title":"The antisocial personalities","author":"Lykken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hilldale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates;"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.2.151","article-title":"Psychopathy \u2013 A Neurobiological Perspective","volume":"165","author":"Dolan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF23","first-page":"155","article-title":"Serotonin, violent behavior and alcohol","volume":"71","author":"Linnoila","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exs"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010028004","article-title":"Personality profiles and state aggressiveness in Finnish violent offenders, impulsive fire setters, and healthy volunteers","volume":"51","author":"Virkkunen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010020003","article-title":"CSF biochemistries, glucose metabolism, and diurnal activity rhythms in alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and healthy volunteers","volume":"51","author":"Virkkunen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF26","article-title":"Psychopathy and Maturation: a theoretical and qualitative forensic psychiatric investigation (MD-dissertation)","author":"Martens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tilburg University: The Netherlands. Maastricht: Shaker Publishing;"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00143-1","article-title":"Testosterone as a biological marker in psychopathy and alcoholism","volume":"77","author":"St\u00e5lenheim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00302-8","article-title":"Serum levels of thyroid hormones as biological markers in a Swedish forensic psychiatric population","volume":"43","author":"St\u00e5lenheim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF29","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geneva: WHO;"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09834.x","article-title":"Criminality and psychopathy as related to thyroid activity in former juvenile delinquents","volume":"94","author":"Alm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF31","series-title":"Biosocial bases of violence. NATO ASI series: Series A: Life sciences, Vol. 292","article-title":"Children\u2019s aggression and DSM-III-R symptoms predicted by parent psychopathology, parenting practices, cortisol, and SES","author":"McBurnett","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF32","series-title":"Biosocial bases of violence. NATO ASI series: Series A: Life sciences, Vol. 292","article-title":"Hormones-context interaction and antisocial behavior in youth","author":"Susman","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00253-9","article-title":"Salivary cortisol and cardiovascular activity during stress in oppositional-defiant disorder boys and normal controls","volume":"43","author":"Van Goozen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF34","article-title":"Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking","author":"Zuckerman","year":"1994","journal-title":"New York: Cambridge University Press;"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02568.x","article-title":"Urinary free cortisol secretion in habitually violent offenders","volume":"72","author":"Virkkunen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.328","article-title":"Personality traits are linked to crime among men and women: Evidence from a birth cohort","volume":"103","author":"Krueger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF37","series-title":"Threats to optimal development, integrating biological, psychological, and social risk factors","article-title":"Developmental psychopathology of antisocial behavior: inserting genes into its ontogenesis and epigenesis","author":"Gottesman","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(93)90074-Q","article-title":"Heritability of irritable impulsiveness: a study of twins reared together and apart","volume":"48","author":"Coccaro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00257-0","article-title":"Heritability of aggression and irritability: a twin study of the Buss-Durkee aggression scales in adult male subjects","volume":"41","author":"Coccaro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","article-title":"Suicidality and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration associated with a tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphism","volume":"51","author":"Nielsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF41","first-page":"168, 77, discussion; 177.182","article-title":"Serotonin in alcoholic violent offenders","volume":"194","author":"Virkkunen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ciba Found Symp"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1771","article-title":"CSF 5-HIAA and family history of antisocial personality disorder in newborns","volume":"154","author":"Constantino","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-81","article-title":"Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking","volume":"12","author":"Benjamin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF44","first-page":"270","article-title":"Personality genetics","volume":"34","author":"Benjamin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000315","article-title":"Saga of an adventure gene: novelty seeking, substance abuse and the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III repeat polymorphism","volume":"2","author":"Ebstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000333","article-title":"Additional evidence for an association between the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III repeat polymorphism and the human personality trait of Novelty Seeking","volume":"2","author":"Ebstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-78","article-title":"Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of Novelty Seeking","volume":"12","author":"Ebstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980508)81:3<257::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"D2 and D4 dopamine receptor polymorphisms and personality","volume":"81","author":"Noble","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00356-9","article-title":"Serotonin transporter gene variants in alcohol-dependent subjects with dissocial personality disorder","volume":"43","author":"Sander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(96)71579-7","article-title":"Death rates in 71 men with antisocial personality disorder. A comparison with general population mortality","volume":"37(2)","author":"Black","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198907000-00004","article-title":"Situational determinants of cardiovascular and emotional reactivity in high and low hostile men","volume":"51","author":"Suarez","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF52","unstructured":"Suarez, E. C. Williams, R. B. Harlan, E. S. Hostility-related differences in urinary excretion rates of cathecholamines. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research; 1992 October, Chicago IL"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199407000-00006","article-title":"Neurobiology, cellular and molecular biology, and psychosomatic medicine","volume":"56","author":"Williams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychsom Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199109000-00004","article-title":"Biobehavioral basis of coronary-prone behaviors in middle-aged men. Part II: Serum cholesterol, the Type A behavior pattern, and hostility as interactive modulators of physiological reactivity","volume":"53","author":"Suarez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199511000-00010","article-title":"A test of the psychosocial vulnerability and health behavior models of hostility: results from an 11-year follow-up study of Mexican Americans","volume":"57","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF56","article-title":"Type A behavior and your heart","author":"Friedman","year":"1974","journal-title":"New York: Alfred A. Knopf;"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF57","article-title":"Type A behavior","author":"Strube","year":"1991","journal-title":"Newbury Park: Sage Publications;"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.5.405","article-title":"Prospective study of self-report type A scale and risk of coronary heart disease: test of the MMPI-2 type-A scale","volume":"98","author":"Kawachi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199917010-00017","article-title":"Type A behavior is associated with an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy in male patients with essential hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Munakata","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF60","first-page":"348","article-title":"Coronary prone behavior pattern of coronary heart disease: a case-control study","volume":"52","author":"Zodpay","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF61","unstructured":"Martens, W. H. J. A Theoretical Framework of Ethical Therapy as a Distinctive Forensic Therapeutic Specialization. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology (In Press)."},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF62","unstructured":"Martens, W. H. J. A Model of Agitation Therapy for Forensic Patients and Offenders. Am J Psychother"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199111000-00005","article-title":"The effects of fat and cholesterol on aggressive behavior","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199411000-00001","article-title":"Demonstration of an association among dietary cholesterol, central serotonergic activity and social behavior in monkeys","volume":"58","author":"Kaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF65","unstructured":"Martens, W. H. J. Neurobiologic and Genetic aspects of Psychopathic Immorality. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology (In Press)."},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X99433010","article-title":"Marcel: A Case Report of a Violent Sexual Psychopath in Remission","volume":"43(3)","author":"Martens","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S. Mason, J. Charney, D. Yehuda, R. Riney, S. Southwick, S. 1997, Relationships between hormonal profile and novelty seeking in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 1997, 41(2), 145, 151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(95)00648-6"},{"key":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273_RF68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inanaga, K. 1998, Frontal midline theta rhythm and mental activity. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 1998, 52(6), 555, 566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1998.tb02700.x"}],"container-title":["Medical Hypotheses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987700912738?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306987700912738?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T15:52:27Z","timestamp":1554997947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306987700912738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306987700912738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/mehy.2000.1273","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-9877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-9877","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}}}