{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T02:15:55Z","timestamp":1786241755010,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"DOI":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,19]],"date-time":"2002-09-19T15:33:28Z","timestamp":1032449608000},"page":"237-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Keloids in rural black South Africans. Part 1: general overview and essential fatty acid hypotheses for keloid formation and prevention"],"prefix":"10.1054","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Louw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Keloids. The natural history","volume":"5","author":"Adeyemi-Doro","year":"1976","journal-title":"Afr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)70048-3","article-title":"Keloids: A review","volume":"4","author":"Murray","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30598-8","article-title":"Keloids and hypertrophic scars","volume":"14","author":"Rockwell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF4","first-page":"95","article-title":"Hypertrophic scars and keloids. Cause and management \u2014 current concepts","volume":"26","author":"Chait","year":"1988","journal-title":"S Afr J Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30653-3","article-title":"Keloids","volume":"6","author":"Kelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198911000-00021","article-title":"Keloids and hypertrophic scars: a comprehensive review","volume":"84","author":"Rockwell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF7","first-page":"804","article-title":"Keloids and hypertrophic scars","volume":"80","author":"Brody","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconst Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(90)90047-4","article-title":"Keloids: a review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Datuba-Brown","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(90)90046-3","article-title":"On the nature of keloid and hypertrophic scars","volume":"43","author":"Muir","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF10","first-page":"9","article-title":"Keloids","volume":"143","author":"Doyle-Lloyd","year":"1991","journal-title":"J La State Med Soc"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199108000-00051","article-title":"Hypertrophic scar and keloid","volume":"88","author":"Norris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989210600621","article-title":"Keloid","volume":"106","author":"Lanza","year":"1992","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF13","first-page":"185","article-title":"Immunologic associations of keloids","volume":"175","author":"Placik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199204000-00060","article-title":"Hypertrophic scars and Keloids","volume":"89","author":"Vagi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1993.tb00418.x","article-title":"Keloids and hypertrophic scars","volume":"19","author":"Nemeths","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF16","first-page":"105","article-title":"Morphological and immunochemical differences between keloid and hypertrophic scar","volume":"145","author":"Ehrlich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Path"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(05)80377-7","article-title":"The pathogenesis of hypertrophic\/keloid scarring","volume":"23","author":"Thomas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555575102104","article-title":"Proliferating activity of dermal fibroblasts in keloids and hypertrophic scars","volume":"75","author":"Nakaska","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF19","first-page":"902","article-title":"Mast cells and myofibroblasts in keloids: a light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF20","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Apoptosis, necrosis and proliferation: possible implications in the aetiology of keloids","volume":"149","author":"Appleton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Path"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF21","first-page":"69","article-title":"Hypertrophic scars and keloids: a recurrent problem revisited","volume":"39","author":"Ellitsgaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Chir Plast"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199704000-00027","article-title":"Serum free keloid fibroblast cell culture: an in vitro model for the study of aberrant wound healing","volume":"99","author":"Kock","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF23","first-page":"905","article-title":"Impairment in the fatty acid composition of keloids","volume":"400","author":"Louw","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1813-0_77","article-title":"Keloids: peripheral and central differences in cell morphology and fatty acid compositions of lipids","volume":"407","author":"Louw","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biology"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(97)80541-2","article-title":"The molecular basis of keloid and hypertrophic scar formation","volume":"4","author":"Tuan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Med Today"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF26","series-title":"Soft tissue tumours","author":"Enzinger","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF27","series-title":"Pathology of the skin","author":"McKee","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF28","first-page":"105","article-title":"Morphological and immunochemical differences between keloid and hypertrophic scars","volume":"145","author":"Ehrlich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Path"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF29","first-page":"352","article-title":"Hypertrophic scars and keloids: a histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study","volume":"46","author":"Santucci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Anat Cytol Path & Clin Exp Path"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF30","first-page":"281","article-title":"The microvessels in hypertrophic scars, keloids and related lesions: a review","volume":"24","author":"Kischer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Submicros Pathol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198812000-00005","article-title":"Ultrastructural characteristics of keloid fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF32","first-page":"921","article-title":"Contributions of electron microscopy to the study of the hypertrophic scar and related lesions","volume":"7","author":"Kischer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scanning Microsc"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02903515","article-title":"Apoptosis: a current molecular analysis","volume":"2","author":"Tang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Path Oncol Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874789","article-title":"Interferons and collagen production","volume":"95","author":"Granstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF35","first-page":"585","article-title":"Keloids and diabetes in a family","volume":"38","author":"Ras","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918154","article-title":"Altered cytokine production in black patients with keloids","volume":"12","author":"McCauley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12667776","article-title":"Fibronectin gene transcription is enhanced in abnormal wound healing","volume":"99","author":"Oliver","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(95)90319-4","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid metabolism in keloid fibroblasts","volume":"12","author":"Alaish","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199611000-00005","article-title":"Calcium antagonists alter cell shape and induce procollagenase and synthesis in keloid and normal human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"17","author":"Doong","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12345771","article-title":"Connective tissue growth factor gene expression in tissue sections from localized scleroderma, keloid and other fibrotic skin disorders","volume":"106","author":"Igarashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF41","first-page":"269","article-title":"DNA binding proteins from keloid fibroblasts form unique complexes with the human fibronectin promoter","volume":"5","author":"Sible","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene Expr"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1997.tb01098.x","article-title":"Inverse correlation between CD 34 expression and proline-4-hydroxylase immunoreactivity on spindle cells noted in hypertrophic scars and keloids","volume":"24","author":"Aiba","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cutan Path"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70576-4","article-title":"Hypertrophic scars, keloids, and contractures. The cellular and molecular basis for therapy","volume":"77","author":"Tredget","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199803000-00029","article-title":"Keloid fibroblasts from a Caucasian patient: are there differences in growth kinetics?","volume":"40","author":"Yaman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70209-1","article-title":"Perilesional linear atrophy and hypopigmentation after intralesional corticosteroid therapy","volume":"19","author":"Friedman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1988.tb03483.x","article-title":"Retinoic acid in the treatment of keloids","volume":"14","author":"Panabiere-Castaings","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(89)90119-7","article-title":"Silicone gel in the treatment of keloid scars","volume":"42","author":"Mercer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1990.01670340047006","article-title":"A controlled trial of intralesional recombinant interferon-gamma in the treatment of keloid scarring","volume":"126","author":"Granstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF49","first-page":"785","article-title":"Pressure therapy in treatment of hypertrophic scar, burn contracture and keloid: the Kenyan experience","volume":"67","author":"Haq","year":"1990","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1990.01870100053011","article-title":"Intralesional interferon gamma treatment for keloids and hypertrophic scars","volume":"116","author":"Larrabee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555570181183","article-title":"Silicone gel in the treatment of keloids","volume":"70","author":"Murdoch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/00006527-199001030-00004","article-title":"Tissue expansion for the treatment of keloids","volume":"10","author":"Roeder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Surg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(90)90189-7","article-title":"Treatment of scars and keloids with a cream containing silicone oil","volume":"43","author":"Sawada","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1991.tb03293.x","article-title":"Topical cyclosporin and T lymphocytes in keloid scars","volume":"124","author":"Duncan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199108000-00012","article-title":"In search of the optimal treatment of keloids: Report of a series and a review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Lawrence","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199112000-00043","article-title":"Carbon dioxide laser for keloids","volume":"88","author":"Lim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199101000-00008","article-title":"The effect of carbon dioxide laser surgery on the recurrence of keloids","volume":"87","author":"Norris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-81-11-601","article-title":"Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars","volume":"81","author":"Tritto","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Pediatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870220125023","article-title":"Effects of pharmacologic agents on human keloids implanted in athymic mice: pilot study","volume":"117","author":"Waki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(92)90008-L","article-title":"Evaluation of various methods of treating keloids and hypertrophic scars: A 10-year follow-up study","volume":"45","author":"Darzi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(92)90027-U","article-title":"Hydration and occlusion treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids","volume":"45","author":"Sawada","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880010067018","article-title":"An approach to management of keloids","volume":"118","author":"Stucker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199303000-00003","article-title":"The inhibition of fibroblast proliferation by a novel monokine: an in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"14","author":"Concannon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(93)90095-P","article-title":"Historical notes on the use of pressure in the treatment of hypertrophic scars or keloids","volume":"19","author":"Linares","year":"1993","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30769-0","article-title":"Considerations for cosmetic surgery in the black population","volume":"20","author":"Grimes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680300074011","article-title":"Outcomes of cryosurgery in keloids and hypertrophic scars. A prospective consecutive trial of case series","volume":"129","author":"Zouboulis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124612","article-title":"Tranilast, a selective inhibitor of collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts","volume":"116","author":"Yamada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1995.tb00628.x","article-title":"Vitamin E added silicone gel sheets for treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids","volume":"34","author":"Palmieri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30475-8","article-title":"Management of scar contractures, hypertrophic scars and keloids","volume":"38","author":"Sherris","year":"1995","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199612000-00010","article-title":"Keloid excision and recurrence prophylaxis via intradermal interferon-gamma injections; a pilot study","volume":"106","author":"Broker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb01671.x","article-title":"Failure of interferon-alpha 2b in the treatment of mature keloids","volume":"35","author":"Al-Khawajah","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70451-4","article-title":"Laser treatment of hypertrophic scars, keloids, and striae","volume":"15","author":"Alster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70176-2","article-title":"Major suppression of pro-alpha 1 ( I ) type collagen gene expression in the dermis after keloid excision and immediate intrawound injection of triamciolone acetonide","volume":"37","author":"Kauh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199805000-00008","article-title":"Tamoxifen down-regulates TGF-beta production in keloid fibroblasts","volume":"40","author":"Chau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199108000-00012","article-title":"In search of the optimal treatment of keloids: Report of a series and a review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Lawrence","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.1993.tb00212.x","article-title":"Medical uses of essential fatty acids","volume":"4","author":"Horrobin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/026010608300200402","article-title":"Essential fatty acids in clinical medicine","volume":"2","author":"Horrobin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nutr Health Year"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(92)90008-7","article-title":"Nutritional and medical importance of gamma-linoleic acid","volume":"32","author":"Horrobin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1139\/y96-089","article-title":"Recent studies on the synthesis, beta-oxidation and deficiency of linoleate and g-linolenate: are essential fatty acids more aptly named indispensable or conditionally dispensable fatty acids","volume":"74","author":"Cunnane","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19890515)63:10<1892::AID-CNCR2820631005>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Studies and perspectives of the protein kinase C family for cellular regulation","volume":"63","author":"Nishizuka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1780497","article-title":"Fatty acid stimulation of membrane phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by brain phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase","volume":"178","author":"Irvine","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44408-5","article-title":"Arachidonic acid stimulates the formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol and phophatidic acid in human platelets","volume":"258","author":"Siess","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF83","first-page":"109","article-title":"Differential effects of omega-3 fish oils on protein kinase activities in vitro","volume":"261","author":"Speizer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(93)90019-S","article-title":"Role of fatty acids in signal transduction. Modulators and messengers","volume":"48","author":"Sumida","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF85","first-page":"91","article-title":"Fatty acids and cell signal transduction","volume":"9","author":"Graber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Lipid Mediators Cell Signaling"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(93)90013-M","article-title":"Regulation of gene transcription by polyunsaturated fatty acids","volume":"32","author":"Clarke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(95)90012-8","article-title":"Fatty acids: ancestral ligands and modern co-regulators of the steroid hormone receptor cell signaling pathway","volume":"52","author":"Sumida","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42003-6","article-title":"Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expression","volume":"37","author":"Schoonjans","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51833.x","article-title":"Fatty acid regulation of gene expression. Its role in fuel patitioning and insulin resistance","volume":"827","author":"Clarke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4318","article-title":"Fatty acids and eicosanoids regulate gene expression through direct interactions with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma","volume":"94","author":"Kliewer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.4.566","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a family of lipid-activated transcription factors","volume":"70","author":"Clarke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050345","article-title":"An update on the mechanisms of action of the peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs) and their roles in inflammation and cancer","volume":"55","author":"Gelman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Science"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.63","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression by dietary fat","volume":"19","author":"Jump","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annal Review of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10364-1","article-title":"Medical significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","volume":"354","author":"Vamecq","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4861-4_19","article-title":"Fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic agents regulate gene expression through direct binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","volume":"447","author":"Wahli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF96","first-page":"E109","article-title":"Differential effects of omega-3 fish oils on protein kinase activities in vitro","volume":"261","author":"Speizer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physchol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82362-6","article-title":"The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway","volume":"268","author":"Davis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.11.2135","article-title":"Identification of an oncoprotein- and Uv-responsive protein kinase that binds and potentiates the c-Jun activation domain","volume":"7","author":"Hibi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(94)90132-5","article-title":"MAPKs: new JNK expands the group","volume":"19","author":"Davis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7914033","article-title":"A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells","volume":"265","author":"Han","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(95)80063-8","article-title":"Mitogen and stress response pathways: MAP kinase cascades and phosphatase regulation in mammals and yeast","volume":"7","author":"Waskiewics","year":"1995","journal-title":"Current Opinion Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.9.4961","article-title":"FADD\/MORT1 is a common mediator of CD95 (FAs\/APO-1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-induced apoptosis","volume":"271","author":"Chinnaiyan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5332.1652","article-title":"Requirement for GD3 ganglioside in CD95- and ceramide-induced apoptosis","volume":"277","author":"De Maria","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1054\/plef.1998.0003","article-title":"GLUT-4, tumor necrosis factor, essential fatty acids and raf-genes and their role in insulin resistance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Das","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(93)90006-I","article-title":"Free radical interactions and their pathological consequences","volume":"32","author":"Rice-Evans","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90018-3","article-title":"Oxidative stress as a mediator for apoptosis","volume":"15","author":"Buttke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(91)90018-Z","article-title":"Interactions between essential fatty acids, eicosanoids, cytokines, growth factors and free radicals","volume":"44","author":"Das","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1989.tb01346.x","article-title":"Essential fatty acids and eicosanoids in cutaneous inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Schaffer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Derm"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF109","first-page":"1485","article-title":"Biological significance of arachidonic acid","volume":"15","author":"Das","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.11.745","article-title":"Essential fatty acids and inflammation","volume":"50","author":"Zurier","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000415562","article-title":"Possible nutrient mediators in psoriasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis. 11 Nutrient mediators: essential fatty acids; vitamins A, E and D; vitamins B1, B2, B6, niacin and biotin; vitamin C, selenium; zinc; iron","volume":"55","author":"Brenner","year":"1988","journal-title":"World Rev Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199408000-00005","article-title":"Modulation of collagen synthesis by TGF-b in keloid and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts","volume":"33","author":"Youni","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199805000-00008","article-title":"Tamoxifen down-regulates TGF-b production in keloid fibroblasts","volume":"40","author":"Chau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1054\/plef.2000.0207_RF114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124612","article-title":"Tranilast, A selective inhibitor of collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblasts","volume":"116","author":"Yamada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biochem"}],"container-title":["Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952327800902072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952327800902072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T22:30:27Z","timestamp":1704321027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952327800902072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952327800902072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/plef.2000.0207","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-3278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-3278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}}}