{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:15:36Z","timestamp":1781730936200,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Clin Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003The amount of time that health care clinicians (physicians and nurses) spend interacting with the electronic health record is not well understood.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003This study aimed to evaluate the time that health care providers spend interacting with electronic health records (EHR).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Data are retrieved from Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, (Ovid) Embase, CINAHL, and SCOPUS.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Study Eligibility Criteria\u2003Peer-reviewed studies that describe the use of EHR and include measurement of time either in hours, minutes, or in the percentage of a clinician's workday. Papers were written in English and published between 1990 and 2021.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Participants\u2003All physicians and nurses involved in inpatient and outpatient settings.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods\u2003A narrative synthesis of the results, providing summaries of interaction time with EHR. The studies were rated according to Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Out of 5,133 de-duplicated references identified through database searching, 18 met inclusion criteria. Most were time-motion studies (50%) that followed by logged-based analysis (44%). Most were conducted in the United States (94%) and examined a clinician workflow in the inpatient settings (83%). The average time was nearly 37% of time of their workday by physicians in both inpatient and outpatient settings and 22% of the workday by nurses in inpatient settings. The studies showed methodological heterogeneity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003This systematic review evaluates the time that health care providers spend interacting with EHR. Interaction time with EHR varies depending on clinicians' roles and clinical settings, computer systems, and users' experience. The average time spent by physicians on EHR exceeded one-third of their workday. The finding is a possible indicator that the EHR has room for usability, functionality improvement, and workflow optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1733909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1629932622000},"page":"788-799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Interaction Time with Electronic Health Records: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuliya","family":"Pinevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Herasevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-016-0628-9","article-title":"Barriers to electronic health record adoption: a systematic literature review","volume":"40","author":"C S Kruse","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2018.08.013","article-title":"Migrating to electronic health record systems: a comparative study between the United States and the United Kingdom","volume":"122","author":"K Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0716-5","article-title":"Structured data entry in the electronic medical record: perspectives of pediatric specialty physicians and surgeons","volume":"41","author":"R A Bush","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S12985","article-title":"Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems","volume":"4","author":"N Menachemi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000588","article-title":"Technology as friend or foe? 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