{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T17:13:58Z","timestamp":1780420438027,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\nAim To compare temperature changes following a challenge of limb elevation, in 3 forefoot angiosomes between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nMethods Participans were categorized in a no PAD, mild PAD or severe PAD group. All underwent thermal imaging, then successive thermal images were taken at 1\u2009min intervals after the lower limbs were elevated for 5\u2009min. Thereafter, the lower limbs were lowered to the original position and imaged after 1\u2009min. Mean temperatures of the hallux, medial and lateral forefoot were analysed by the angiosome concept.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nResults Forty-two limbs were analysed. Mean resting temperatures of all angiosomes of participants with PAD were higher than those with no peripheral arterial disease. A significant difference in the mean initial temperature between the groups was found in the medial and lateral forefoot angiosomes (p=0.048, p=0.049 respectively), whilst at the hallux these temperatures were not significant (p=0.165). After limb elevation, the only significant difference was seen in the lateral foot area at 1\u2009min (p=0.021).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nConclusions These results confirm that patients with PAD exhibit significantly higher forefoot temperatures, according to the angiosome concept. The challenge by foot elevation did not affect the thermal pattern significantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0838-5209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:11:30Z","timestamp":1552608690000},"page":"93-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Thermographic Characteristics of the Diabetic Foot With Peripheral Arterial Disease Using the Angiosome Concept"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Carabott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Formosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podiatry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, 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