{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:58:41Z","timestamp":1772254721230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\nObjective  The purpose of the study was to compare glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) receiving insulin therapy (IT) or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), and explore associations between treatment modality and pancreatic beta-cell function.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nMethods  A matched, case-control study was conducted from April, 2016 to November, 2016. 2\u2009272 patients with T2DM were identified from electronic medical records at four academic hospitals in China. Based on 1\u2009136 eligible patients using IT, eligible 1\u2009136 OHA patients were matched by age and duration at a ratio of 1:1. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between IT and glycemic control. Multiple linear regression addressed impact factors of HOMA-\u03b2.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nResults  There was no significant difference between IT and OHA groups in gender, age, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum lipids and smoking history (p&gt;0.05). We stratified subjects by diabetes duration, only when the duration was less than 5 years, HbA1c in OHA group was superior to IT (P=0.017). There were no significant differences between groups in HbA1c when disease duration was\u22655 years. Even in subjects with short diabetes duration (&lt;5 years), IT did not significantly impact glycemic control (p=0.071, OR=0.577). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that IT (p=0.001), diabetes duration (p=0.038), BMI (P&lt;0.001), sulfonylurea use (P=0.001) were significant and independent predictors of HOMA-\u03b2.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nConclusions  In patients with short diabetes duration (&lt;5 years), oral hypoglycemic therapy achieved better glycemic control than insulin therapy. Moreover, insulin use was not an impact factor of poor glycemic control. In addition, using insulin can protect beta-cell function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0881-9611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T22:44:03Z","timestamp":1554763443000},"page":"374-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effects of Insulin Therapy and Oral Hypoglycemic Agents on Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China\u2013A Case Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"PanPan","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JianFeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LiHong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Nursing College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"QingQing","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qi Xia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1167-8","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in the Chinese adult population: International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia (InterASIA)","volume":"46","author":"D Gu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.9.1414","article-title":"Global burden of diabetes, 1995\u20132025: Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections","volume":"21","author":"H King","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0379-7","article-title":"In search of the ideal resistance training program to improve glycemic control and its indication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Hajime Ishiguro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"4175","article-title":"A nationwide survey of diabetes education, self-management and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in China","volume":"125","author":"Gu o Xiao-hui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2009.07.001","article-title":"Impact of comorbid conditions and race\/ethnicity on glycemic control among the US population with type 2 diabetes, 1988-1994 to 1999-2004","volume":"24","author":"D C Suh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.168118","article-title":"Prevalence and Control of Diabetes in Chinese Adults","volume":"310","author":"Xu Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802586079","article-title":"Management of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, 1998\u20132006: The Diabcare-China surveys","volume":"25","author":"C Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2757","article-title":"Management status and its predictive factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in China: A Nationwide Multicenter Study","volume":"31","author":"Liu Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1185","article-title":"Effects of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents on glucose metabolism, vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects","volume":"27","author":"J Joya-Galeana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.11.1249","article-title":"U.K. prospective diabetes study 16: Overview of 6 years\u2019 therapy of type 2 diabetes: a progressive disease","volume":"44","author":"Prospective Diabetes Study Group","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.109","article-title":"\u03b2-cell dysfunction: Its critical role in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Y Saisho","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Journal of Diabetes"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1392","article-title":"Effects of rosiglitazone, glyburide and metformin on \u03b2-cell function and insulin sensitivity in ADOPT","volume":"60","author":"S E Kahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2006.11.005","article-title":"Antidiabetic agents in subjects with mild dysglycaemia: Prevention or early treatment of type 2 diabetes?","volume":"33","author":"A J Scheen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes & Metabolism"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(01)00365-5","article-title":"Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus","volume":"55","author":"Takeshi Kuzuya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"D R Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"12","article-title":"China Guideline for Type 2 Diabetes (2017)","volume":"10","author":"Chinese Diabetes Society.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Diabetes Mellitus"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"399","article-title":"A randomized controlled study comparing a DPP4 Inhibitor (Linagliptin) and Basal Insulin (Glargine) in patients with type 2 diabetes in long-term care and skilled nursing facilities: Linagliptin-LTC Trial","volume":"19","author":"G E Umpierrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"AMDA-The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000525","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000525","article-title":"Need to improve awareness and treatment compliance in high-risk patients for diabetic complications in Nepal","volume":"6","author":"RajuP Sapkota","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0787","article-title":"Impact of insulin and metformin versus metformin alone on \u03b2-Cell function in youth with impaired glucose tolerance or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"L Sharon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70006-8","article-title":"Short-term intensive insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"C K Kramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2105","article-title":"Short-term intensive therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes partially restores both insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in subjects with long-term remission","volume":"34","author":"Y Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1398","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00447.2013","article-title":"Determinants of reversibility of beta-cell dysfunction in response to short-term intensive insulin therapy in early type 2 diabetes","volume":"305","author":"C K Kramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60762-X","article-title":"Effect of intensive insulin therapy on \u03b2-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A multicentre randomised parallel-group trial","volume":"371","author":"J Weng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000270","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000270","article-title":"Predictors of sustained drug-free diabetes remission over 48 weeks following short-term intensive insulin therapy in early type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"C K Kramer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066224","article-title":"Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy","volume":"355","author":"S E Kahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0144","article-title":"The duration of sulfonylurea treatment is associated with beta-cell dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusJ","volume":"14","author":"M S Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-0881-9611.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T22:43:41Z","timestamp":1620168221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-0881-9611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0881-9611","relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]}}}