{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T05:13:26Z","timestamp":1791609206217,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"09","funder":[{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research"},{"name":"German Diabetes Association (DDG), by the Association of Diabetic Children and Adolescents"},{"name":"Robert Koch Institute"},{"name":"ZIBMT, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry"},{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking INNODIA","award":["115797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115797"]}]},{"name":"European Commission\u2019s Horizon"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013322","name":"European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"JDRF,and The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n                        Introduction Regarding pediatric diabetes, hospital admission for\n                        acute complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has often been investigated,\n                        but little is known about other causes of hospitalization. This study aimed\n                        to explore the total burden of hospitalization in individuals with\n                        diabetes&lt;20 years of age in Germany.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n                        Methods Using the German Diagnosis-Related Groups data for 2015, we\n                        examined the frequencies of hospitalization with diabetes (20\u2009251\n                        inpatient cases), stratified by diabetes type [T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D),\n                        other specified diabetes types (T3D), and unclear diabetes], and without\n                        diabetes (1\u2009269\u2009631 inpatient cases). Using estimates of the\n                        population at risk with T1D, T2D, and without diabetes, we evaluated\n                        hospitalization rates (per patient-year) by Poisson regression. For T1D,\n                        T2D, and T3D, we investigated the most frequent diagnoses and the median\n                        length of stay. Most analyses were stratified by sex, age-group and\n                        east\/west residence.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n                        Results Children and adolescents with diabetes had a 6 to 9 times\n                        higher hospitalization risk than peers without diabetes (hospitalization\n                        rate 0.09). The hospitalization rate was higher for T2D compared with T1D\n                        (0.84 vs. 0.53, P&lt;0.001). In T2D, two-third of inpatient cases were\n                        not directly related to diabetes, and stay was shorter compared with T1D and\n                        T3D (3 vs. 4 and 5 days, respectively). In T1D, hospitalization was more\n                        frequent among girls than boys (0.58 vs. 0.49, P&lt;0.001), and mostly\n                        due to \u201cdiabetes without complications\u201d (65.7%).\n                        Hospitalization tended to be more frequent and longer in the youngest\n                        patients, and in those with east residence.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n                        Conclusion Hospitalization rate in pediatric diabetes in Germany\n                        remained high, especially for T2D patients, girls with T1D, and young\n                        children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0972-1060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T23:01:00Z","timestamp":1566255660000},"page":"615-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hospitalization in Pediatric Diabetes: A Nationwide Analysis of all\n                    Admission Causes for Germany in 2015"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Auzanneau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of\n                    Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Rosenbauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center,\n                    Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University,\n                    D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Icks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg,\n                    Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, German\n                    Diabetes Center, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for\n                    Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University\n                    D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Karges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen\n                    University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Neu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children\u2019s Hospital T\u00fcbingen,\n                    T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Clinic for Children and Adolescents, M\u00fcenster,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Marg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Bremen-Mitte Hospital,\n                    Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kapellen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and\n                    Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul-Martin","family":"Holterhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of\n                    Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus\n                    Kiel\/Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard W.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of\n                    Ulm, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg,\n                    Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12621","article-title":"Hospital admission in children and adolescents with or without type 1 diabetes\n                    from Germany: An analysis of statutory health insurance data on 12 million\n                    subjects","volume":"19","author":"B Bohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03645.x","article-title":"Costs of paediatric diabetes care in Germany: Current situation and comparison\n                    with the year 2000","volume":"29","author":"C C Bachle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12466","article-title":"Home-based vs. inpatient education for children newly diagnosed with type 1\n                    diabetes","volume":"18","author":"H Clapin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12891","article-title":"Family preferences for home or hospital care at diagnosis for children with\n                    diabetes in the DECIDE study","volume":"33","author":"S Morgan-Trimmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0129","article-title":"Hospital admission for diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia in\n                    31\u2009330 young patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"173","author":"B Karges","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.3.435","article-title":"Hospitalization among diabetic children and adolescents and the general\n                    population in Germany. German Working Group for Pediatric Diabetology","volume":"24","author":"A Icks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.9.1591","article-title":"Recent trends in hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in ontario\n                    children","volume":"25","author":"J R Curtis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12330","article-title":"Current practice of diabetes education in children and adolescents with type 1\n                    diabetes in Germany and Austria: Analysis based on the German\/Austrian\n                    DPV database","volume":"17","author":"K Konrad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0724","article-title":"Area deprivation and regional disparities in treatment and outcome quality of\n                    29\u2009284 pediatric patients with type 1 Diabetes in Germany: A\n                    cross-sectional multicenter DPV analysis","volume":"41","author":"M Auzanneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Epidemiology \u2013 Study Design and Data Analysis","author":"M Woodward","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4763-3","article-title":"Trends and cyclical variation in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in\n                    26 European centres in the 25 year period 1989\u20132013: A multicentre\n                    prospective registration study","volume":"62","author":"C C Patterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Administrative Pr\u00e4valenzen und Inzidenzen des Diabetes mellitus von 2009\n                    bis 2015 - Versorgungsatlas-Bericht Nr. 17\/03","author":"B Goffrier","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Fallpauschalenbezogene Krankenhausstatistik (DRG-Statistik). 2015. Fachserie 12\n                    Reihe 6.4","author":"Gesundheit","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.162.7.649","article-title":"Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with type 1 or type 2\n                    diabetes mellitus: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study","volume":"162","author":"M J Naughton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.12.014","article-title":"Childhood obesity: A review of increased risk for physical and psychological\n                    comorbidities","volume":"35","author":"E R Pulgaron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60821-6","article-title":"Acute and chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and\n                    adolescents","volume":"369","author":"O Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3826","article-title":"Hospitalization subsequent to diagnosis in young patients with diabetes in\n                    Chicago, Illinois","volume":"124","author":"C L Estrada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.11.1677","article-title":"Gender differences in hospitalizations for IDDM among adolescents in California,\n                    1991. 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Diabetes in adolescence","volume":"15","author":"F J Cameron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Unequal Germany: socio-economic disparity report 2015","author":"J Albrech","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"35","article-title":"Social differences in the utilization of medical services by children and\n                    adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study","volume":"3","author":"T Lampert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Health Monitoring"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2017.14.295","article-title":"Socioeconomic deprivation, household education, and employment are associated\n                    with increased hospital admissions and poor glycemic control in children with\n                    type 1 Diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"L J Apperley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-0972-1060.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T22:44:28Z","timestamp":1599173068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-0972-1060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"09","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0972-1060","relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]}}}