{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:08Z","timestamp":1787004848425,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Planta Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Willow bark (Salix spp.) is an ingredient in some dietary supplements. No serious adverse effects were reported from trials of willow bark extracts delivering 120\u200a\u2013\u200a240\u2009mg salicin (the purported active constituent) daily for up to 8 weeks. All studies involved adults only; none involved special subpopulations such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, or children. The most common adverse effects associated with willow bark are gastrointestinal; a few allergic reactions were also reported. Some publications advise caution when taking willow bark. There is a risk of increased bleeding in vulnerable individuals, salicylates cross the placenta and are eliminated slowly in newborns, some persons are sensitive or allergic to aspirin, and children are at risk of Reye syndrome. Concurrent use with other salicylate-containing medicines increases these risks. Metabolism of 240\u2009mg salicin from willow bark could yield 113\u2009mg of salicylic acid, yet dietary supplement products are not required to be labeled with warnings. In contrast, over-the-counter low-dose aspirin (81\u2009mg strength), which delivers 62\u2009mg salicylic acid, is required by law to include cautions, warnings, and contraindications related to its use in pregnant and nursing women, children, and other vulnerable subpopulations, e.g., those using anticoagulants. In the interest of protecting public health, the United States Pharmacopeia has included a cautionary labeling statement in the United States Pharmacopeia Salix Species monograph as follows: \u201cDosage forms prepared with this article should bear the following statement: \u2018Not for use in children, women who are pregnant or nursing, or by persons with known sensitivity to aspirin.\u2019\u201d<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1007-5206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T18:53:42Z","timestamp":1570820022000},"page":"1192-1202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["United States Pharmacopeia Safety Review of Willow Bark"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Hellen A.","family":"Oketch-Rabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.\u200aS. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J.","family":"Marles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2015\u200a\u2013\u200a2020 United States Pharmacopeia Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations Joint Standard Setting Subcommittee (DSAE JS3), Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2015\u200a\u2013\u200a2020 United States Pharmacopeia Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations Joint Standard Setting Subcommittee (DSAE JS3), Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieraona","family":"Low Dog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2015\u200a\u2013\u200a2020 United States Pharmacopeia Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations Joint Standard Setting Subcommittee (DSAE JS3), Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"container-title":["Planta Medica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1007-5206.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T19:31:11Z","timestamp":1572377471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1007-5206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1007-5206","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-0943","1439-0221"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-0943","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0221","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]}}}