{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T10:13:57Z","timestamp":1784888037733,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2002Population-based data on the prevalence of and real-life treatment for the autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), are scarce, and such knowledge may help to improve patient care.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2002Data of 8.1 million individuals having health insurance with the \u201cTechniker Krankenkasse,\u201d the largest German health insurer, were analyzed with regard to the prevalence of and prescribed medication for AILD in Germany from 2011 until 2014. Patients with viral hepatitis B infection (HBV) and alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) served as control groups. Case definition was based on ICD codes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2002The prevalences of PBC and AIH were 36.9\/100\u200a000 inhabitants (95\u200a% CI: 35.6\u201338.2) and 23.0\/100\u200a000 inhabitants (95\u200a% CI: 22.0\u201324.0) in 2014, respectively. The prevalences of AILD increased from 2011 to 2014 (for PBC by 31\u200a% and for AIH by 29\u200a%), with the largest increase for male patients with PBC. In contrast, the prevalence of HBV declined while that of ALC remained stable. The analysis of prescribed real-life treatment revealed considerable deviations from standard treatment recommendations. Specifically, in older patients with PBC or AIH, undertreatment was common.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2002The prevalence of PBC and AIH based on ICD codes is increasing in Germany. The analysis of real-life treatment in this large and population-based cohort points to the unmet need to improve the implementation of treatment guidelines for autoimmune liver diseases in the broader medical community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1135-9306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T22:37:57Z","timestamp":1589236677000},"page":"431-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Population-based study of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis in Germany: rising prevalences based on ICD codes, yet\u00a0deficits in medical treatment"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Marcial","family":"Sebode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Rare Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Kloppenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Techniker Krankenkasse, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Aigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansgar W.","family":"Lohse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Rare Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"European Reference Network on Rare Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)."},{"name":"Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Techniker Krankenkasse, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1159\/000440705","article-title":"Worldwide incidence of autoimmune liver disease","volume":"33","author":"P Jepsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.022","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines. 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