{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T02:47:05Z","timestamp":1784861225446,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Res (Stuttg)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The link between Ca2+ dysregulation, mitochondria damages,\n                    oxidative stress and cellular derangement is particularly evident in\n                    neurotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents. In the current study, we\n                    investigated effects of trifluoperazine (TFP) as an inhibitor of calmodulin\n                    against the cytotoxicity induced by cytarabine (Ara-C) and Ifosfamide (IFOS) on\n                    isolated rat neurons and also the mechanisms involved in this toxicity. Isolated\n                    rat neurons were pretreated with TFP (100\u2009\u00b5M) for 5\u2009min\n                    at 37\u00b0C, then Ara-C (226\u2009\u00b5M) and IFOS\n                    (290\u2009\u00b5M) were added in separate experiments. After 3\u2009h,\n                    the cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lysosomal membrane\n                    destabilization, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation\n                    (LP), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels were measured.\n                    Ara-C and IFOS treatments caused a significant decrease in cellular viability,\n                    which was accompanied by ROS generation, GSSG\/GSH ratio, lipid\n                    peroxidation and lysosomal and mitochondrial damages. On the other hand, TFP\n                    (100\u2009\u00b5M) pre-treatment attenuated Ara-C and IFOS -induced\n                    decrease in cell viability. In addition, TFP (100\u2009\u00b5M)\n                    pre-treatment significantly protected against Ara-C and IFOS -induced increase\n                    in ROS generation, lysosomal and mitochondrial damages, lipid peroxidation\n                    levels and decrease in GSH\/GSSG ratio. Our data provided insights into\n                    the mechanism of protection by TFP against Ara-C and IFOS neurotoxicity, which\n                    is related, to neuronal ROS formation and mitochondrial damages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1154-8672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T19:08:23Z","timestamp":1588619303000},"page":"265-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Trifluoperazine an Antipsychotic Drug and Inhibitor of Mitochondrial\n                    Permeability Transition Protects Cytarabine and Ifosfamide-Induced\n                    Neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy,\n                    Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadi Heydari","family":"Nik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy,\n                    Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adineh","family":"Khodadoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy,\n                    Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Salimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil\n                    University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Pourahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid\n                    Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"container-title":["Drug Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1154-8672.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T02:47:09Z","timestamp":1590634029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1154-8672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1154-8672","relation":{},"ISSN":["2194-9379","2194-9387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2194-9379","type":"print"},{"value":"2194-9387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]}}}