{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:58:31Z","timestamp":1785207511356,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cushing\u2019s disease is a rare condition of cortisol excess attributed to a\npituitary adenoma with an annual incidence of 1.2\u20132.4 cases per million\npopulation. It is associated with several co-morbidities leading to increased\nmortality predominantly due to cardiovascular disease. Despite the advances in\nits diagnosis and management, survival can be compromised even after apparent\nsuccessful treatment. Minimizing the duration and extent of exposure to\nhypercortisolaemia by early diagnosis and rapid, effective therapeutic\ninterventions, as well as close monitoring and aggressive control of\ncardiovascular risk factors are vital for improving outcomes of the\npatients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1197-6380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T22:40:18Z","timestamp":1594334418000},"page":"203-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mortality of Patients with Cushing\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Ntali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos\nHospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamah","family":"Hakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and\nDental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great\nBritain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health\nPartners, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern\nIreland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University\nHospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great\nBritain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milanka","family":"Wattegama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and\nDental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great\nBritain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health\nPartners, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern\nIreland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University\nHospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great\nBritain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahzada","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose & Throat, Queen Elizabeth Hospital,\nUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom\nof Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Karavitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and\nDental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great\nBritain and Northern Ireland"},{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health\nPartners, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern\nIreland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University\nHospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great\nBritain and Northern Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in Cushing\u2019s disease: An epidemiological\napproach","volume":"40","author":"J Etxabe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14014","article-title":"The incidence of endogenous Cushing\u2019s syndrome in the modern era","volume":"91","author":"S Wengander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"117","article-title":"Incidence and late prognosis of Cushing\u2019s syndrome: A population-based\nstudy","volume":"86","author":"J Lindholm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04124.x","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in Cushing\u2019s syndrome in New Zealand","volume":"75","author":"M J Bolland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00951-1","article-title":"The incidence of Cushing\u2019s disease: A nationwide Swedish study","volume":"22","author":"O Ragnarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0189","article-title":"The epidemiology of pituitary adenomas in Iceland, 1955-2012: A nationwide\npopulation-based study","volume":"173","author":"T T Agustsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J 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Metab"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1942","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in Cushing\u2019s disease over 50 years in\nStoke-on-Trent, UK: Audit and meta-analysis of literature","volume":"96","author":"R N Clayton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30005-5","article-title":"Mortality in patients with Cushing\u2019s disease more than 10 years after\nremission: A multicentre, multinational, retrospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"R N Clayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2112","article-title":"Mortality in patients treated for Cushing\u2019s disease is increased,\ncompared with patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma","volume":"92","author":"O M Dekkers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.4158\/EP171787.OR","article-title":"Biochemical control during long-term follow up of 230 adult patients with\nCushing disease: A multicenter retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"E B Geer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6348","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032180","article-title":"Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing\u2019s disease: Initial outcome and\nlong-term results","volume":"89","author":"G D Hammer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2893","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and long-term outcomes in treated Cushing\u2019s\ndisease: A study of 346 patients","volume":"98","author":"J K Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02524","article-title":"Overall and disease-specific mortality in patients with cushing disease: A\nSwedish Nationwide Study","volume":"104","author":"O Ragnarsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0320","article-title":"Mortality in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: data from 386 patients from a single\ntertiary referral center","volume":"169","author":"M Yaneva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0272","article-title":"ERCUSYN Study Group. The European Registry on Cushing\u2019s syndrome: 2-year\nexperience. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics","volume":"165","author":"E Valassi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3582","article-title":"Multisystem morbidity and mortality in Cushing\u2019s syndrome: a cohort\nstudy","volume":"98","author":"O M Dekkers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0631-4","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical manifestations of Cushing\u2019s","volume":"18","author":"G Ntali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"5325","article-title":"Improvement but no normalization of quality of life and cognitive functioning\nafter treatment of Cushing syndrome","volume":"104","author":"LH A Broersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"137","article-title":"The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations\n(pituitary basophilism)","volume":"50","author":"H Cushing","year":"1932","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90027-2","article-title":"The natural history of Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"13","author":"C M Plotz","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1999.00483.x","article-title":"The survival and wellbeing of patients treated for Cushing\u2019s\nsyndrome","volume":"245","author":"L Pikkarainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00015","article-title":"Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing\u2019s\ndisease","volume":"130","author":"B Swearingen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"2664","article-title":"Persistence of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with Cushing\u2019s\ndisease after five years of successful cure","volume":"84","author":"A Colao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3365","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0766","article-title":"Persistent body fat mass and inflammatory marker increases after long-term cure\nof Cushing\u2019s syndrome","volume":"94","author":"M J Barahona","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021558","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and common carotid artery caliber and stiffness in\npatients with Cushing\u2019s disease during active disease and 1 year after\ndisease remission","volume":"88","author":"A Faggiano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0471","article-title":"Smaller grey matter volumes in the anterior cingulate cortex and greater\ncerebellar volumes in patients with long-term remission of Cushing\u2019s\ndisease: A case-control study","volume":"169","author":"C D Andela","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1197-6380.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T23:55:36Z","timestamp":1617926136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1197-6380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1197-6380","relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]}}}