{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T11:54:13Z","timestamp":1780746853574,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background and study aims\u2002We developed a novel \u201cfour-position method\u201d for facilitating endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and this study aimed to verify its usefulness for beginner endoscopists.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods\u2002Medical students (n\u200a=\u200a121) were divided into three groups. A simulator subsequently was used to perform endoscopy. Group A was taught how to hold the endoscope and move the dial; Group B was taught the \u201cfour-position method\u201d; and Group C, in addition to being taught the \u201cfour-position method,\u201d was permitted to use an endoscope before introduction to the simulator. In each group, the transit time to various parts of the upper digestive tract was recorded in addition to the time to grasp a clip in the stomach with the forceps. We also surveyed the groups with respect to their impression of the difficulty level of endoscopic operation before and after instructions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2002Transit time to the cardia was no different among the groups; however, with regard to other targets, Group C reached the sites significantly more quickly than did Groups A and B. Time to clip grasping was significantly shorter in Groups B and C than in Group A. Regarding the impression of the difficulty level, significantly more students in Groups B and C compared to Group A felt that endoscopy was easier after instructions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2002Learning the \u201cfour-position method\u201d made it possible to achieve stable endoscopic manipulation at an early stage and improve subsequent endoscopic procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1197-6418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T22:44:06Z","timestamp":1600728246000},"page":"E1225-E1230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["\u2018Four-position method\u2019 makes beginner endoscopists aware of spatial positioning of the left hand to master upper gastrointestinal endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"08","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-016-0658-5","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori in Japan","volume":"20","author":"M Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000484111","article-title":"Endoscopic submucosal dissection for adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction","volume":"97","author":"Y Nagami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70072-X","article-title":"Asia Pacific Working Group on Gastric Cancer. Screening for gastric cancer in Asia: current evidence and practice","volume":"9","author":"W K Leung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2010.31.8.585","article-title":"Esophagastroduodenoscopic training in the family physician residency program","volume":"31","author":"N S Joo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"207","article-title":"Education and training guidelines for the Board of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"42","author":"K M Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Current state and demand of esophagogastroduodenoscopy training in family practice residency programs","volume":"24","author":"J H Chun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Fam Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4543(21)01054-X","article-title":"Gastroscopy: a primary diagnostic procedure","volume":"15","author":"W H Coleman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/987012","article-title":"Canadian credentialing guidelines for esophagogastroduodenoscopy","volume":"22","author":"T Ponich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i3.759","article-title":"Technical skills and training of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for new beginners","volume":"21","author":"S H Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"273","article-title":"Complication rates of trainee- versus attending-performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"32","author":"D I Fudman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255818","article-title":"Effect of virtual endoscopy simulator training on performance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"A Ferlitsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2008.05457.x","article-title":"Prospective randomized study on the use of a computer-based endoscopic simulator for training in esophagogastroduodenoscopy","volume":"23","author":"Y Shirai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-1656-7","article-title":"A multicenter, simulation-based skills training collaborative using shared GI Mentor II systems: results from the Texas Association of Surgical Skills Laboratories (TASSL) flexible endoscopy curriculum","volume":"25","author":"K R Van Sickle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"}],"container-title":["Endoscopy International Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1197-6418.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T11:19:05Z","timestamp":1668856745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1197-6418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1197-6418","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-3722","2196-9736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-3722","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-9736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]]}}}