{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:02:02Z","timestamp":1790827322186,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Ricerca\nCorrente \u2013 IRCCS MultiMedica"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Sports Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several types of routines and methods have been experimented to gain\nneuromuscular advantages, in terms of exercise performance, in athletes and\nfitness enthusiasts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact\nof biemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on physical fitness\nindicators of healthy, physically active, men. In a randomized,\nsingle-blinded, crossover fashion, seventeen subjects (age:\n30.9\u2009\u00b1 6.5 years, BMI: 24.8\u00b13.1 kg\/m2)\nunderwent either stimulation or sham, prior to: vertical jump, sit &amp;\nreach, and endurance running tests. Mixed repeated measures anova revealed a\nlarge main effect of stimulation for any of the three physical fitness\nmeasures. Stimulation determined increases of lower limb power\n(+\u20095%), sit &amp; reach amplitude\n(+\u20099%) and endurance running capacity\n(+\u200912%) with respect to sham condition\n(0.16&lt;\u03b7p2 &lt;\u20090.41; p&lt;0.05).\nRatings-of-perceived-exertion, recorded at the end of each test session, did\nnot change across all performances. However, in the stimulated-endurance\nprotocol, an average lower rate-of-perceived-exertion at iso-time was\ninferred. A portable transcranial direct current stimulation headset could\nbe a valuable ergogenic resource for individuals seeking to improve physical\nfitness in daily life or in athletic training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1198-8525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T22:44:31Z","timestamp":1597185871000},"page":"66-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Ergogenic Effects of Bihemispheric Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Fitness: a Randomized Cross-over Trial"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1608-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Codella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli\nStudi di Milano, Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS\nMultiMedica, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Alongi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli\nStudi di Milano, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Filipas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli\nStudi di Milano, Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS\nMultiMedica, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livio","family":"Luzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universit\u00e0 degli\nStudi di Milano, Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS\nMultiMedica, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","article-title":"Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex\nstimulation in humans","volume":"57","author":"M A Nitsche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00118","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation with halo sport enhances repeated sprint\ncycling and cognitive performance","volume":"10","author":"L Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.09.017","article-title":"Bilateral extracephalic transcranial direct current stimulation improves\nendurance performance in healthy individuals","volume":"11","author":"L Angius","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001956","article-title":"Can transcranial direct current stimulation improve muscle power in individuals\nwith advanced weight-training experience?","volume":"34","author":"E Lattari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1863-9","article-title":"Enhancement of pinch force in the lower leg by anodal transcranial direct\ncurrent stimulation","volume":"196","author":"S Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.03.018","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary motor cortex leg\narea promotes dynamic balance task performance","volume":"127","author":"E Kaminski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22180","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22180","article-title":"Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation boosts synaptic plasticity and\nmemory in mice via epigenetic regulation of Bdnf expression","volume":"6","author":"M V Podda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05633.x","article-title":"Improved isometric force endurance after transcranial direct current stimulation\nover the human motor cortical areas","volume":"26","author":"F Cogiamanian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.02.025","article-title":"Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhances time to task failure of\na submaximal contraction of elbow flexors without changing corticospinal\nexcitability","volume":"322","author":"A Abdelmoula","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.021","article-title":"Evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) generates\nlittle-to-no reliable neurophysiologic effect beyond MEP amplitude modulation in\nhealthy human subjects: A systematic review","volume":"66","author":"J C Horvath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci6030026","article-title":"Reliability and variability of tdcs induced changes in the lower limb motor\ncortex","volume":"6","author":"S Madhavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00090","article-title":"The ergogenic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on exercise\nperformance","volume":"8","author":"L Angius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.12.002","article-title":"The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on objective and\nsubjective indexes of exercise performance: A systematic review and\nmeta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"D Holgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.03.038","article-title":"Treatment of depression with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): A\nreview","volume":"219","author":"M A Nitsche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-172369","article-title":"The effect of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation on corticospinal\nexcitability in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"E S Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-017-0023-5","article-title":"Study adherence in a tDCS longitudinal clinical trial with people with spinal\ncord injury","volume":"56","author":"S Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"159","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injury:\nAssessment of autonomic nervous system activity","volume":"35","author":"FT G da Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00243","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation and sports performance","volume":"11","author":"D J Edwards","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Borg\u2019s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales","author":"G Borg","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.5.936","article-title":"A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in\nepidemiological studies","volume":"36","author":"JA H Baecke","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2005.00593.x","article-title":"The CAFE computer program for nutritional analysis of the EPIC-Norfolk food\nfrequency questionnaire and identification of extreme nutrient values","volume":"18","author":"A A Welch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1015-3123","article-title":"Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update","volume":"40","author":"D J Harriss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199104000-00007","article-title":"American Electroencephalographic Society Guidelines for Standard Electrode\nPosition Nomenclature","volume":"8","author":"F Sharbrough","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-103","article-title":"Dual-hemisphere tDCS facilitates greater improvements for healthy\nsubjects\u2019 non-dominant hand compared to uni-hemisphere stimulation","volume":"9","author":"B W Vines","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08175.x","article-title":"Primary motor and premotor cortex in implicit sequence learning - evidence for\ncompetition between implicit and explicit human motor memory systems","volume":"36","author":"S S Kantak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/23267224.1921.10650486","article-title":"The Physical Test of a Man","volume":"26","author":"D A Sargent","year":"1921","journal-title":"Am Phys Educ Rev"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessment ACSM\u2019s\nHealth-Related Physical Fitness Assessment","author":"G Liguori","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref29"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"Exercise Physiology: Integrating Theory and Application","author":"W Kraemer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199509000-00009","article-title":"Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake","volume":"27","author":"E T Howley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha","volume":"2","author":"M Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Med Educ"},{"key":"ref33","volume-title":"Statistical Power for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182a1db03","article-title":"Countermovement jump height","volume":"28","author":"G Laffaye","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2012-0412","article-title":"Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on elbow flexor maximal\nvoluntary isometric strength and endurance","volume":"38","author":"B Kan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4432-08.2009","article-title":"Polarity-sensitive modulation of cortical neurotransmitters by transcranial\nstimulation","volume":"29","author":"C J Stagg","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00110","article-title":"Neurobiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation: A\nreview","volume":"3","author":"L F Medeiros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-17-07000.1998","article-title":"Mechanisms of deafferentation-induced plasticity in human motor cortex","volume":"18","author":"U Ziemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0220363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220363","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance athletic performance outcome\nin experienced bodybuilders","volume":"14","author":"A-M Kamali","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0160063","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160063","article-title":"Bilateral tDCS on primary motor cortex: Effects on fast arm reaching tasks","volume":"11","author":"P Arias","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00063","article-title":"Effects of tDCS on bimanual motor skills: A brief review","volume":"12","author":"N H Pixa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.01.004","article-title":"Effects of tDCS on motor learning and memory formation: A consensus and critical\nposition paper","volume":"128","author":"E R Buch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2019.01.005","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on joint flexibility and pain\nin sedentary male individuals","volume":"35","author":"V Lins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2016.08.004","article-title":"Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the Cz increases joint\nflexibility","volume":"114","author":"T Mizuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1249\/01.jes.0000240023.30373.eb","article-title":"Neural aspects of muscle stretching","volume":"34","author":"N Guissard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial\ndirect current stimulation","volume":"527","author":"M A Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091658","article-title":"Brain stimulation modulates the autonomic nervous system, rating of perceived\nexertion and performance during maximal exercise","volume":"49","author":"A H Okano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.05.004","article-title":"Neurophysiological insights on flexibility improvements through motor\nimagery","volume":"331","author":"TF D Kanthack","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0211902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211902","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation of motor cortex enhances running\nperformance","volume":"14","author":"S-B Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0144916","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144916","article-title":"Improving cycling performance: transcranial direct current stimulation increases\ntime to exhaustion in cycling","volume":"10","author":"M Vitor-Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3212-y","article-title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex on\nexercise-induced pain","volume":"115","author":"L Angius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.006","article-title":"The effects of direct current stimulation on exercise performance, pacing and\nperception in temperate and hot environments","volume":"9","author":"M J Barwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.02.033","article-title":"High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation to both primary motor\ncortices improves unimanual and bimanual dexterity","volume":"643","author":"N H Pixa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35739","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35739","article-title":"tDCS over left M1 or DLPFC does not improve learning of a bimanual coordination\ntask","volume":"6","author":"K Vancleef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"2758","article-title":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation can enhance motor learning in\nchildren","volume":"27","author":"P Ciechanski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.10.007","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on time limit and ratings of\nperceived exertion in physically active women","volume":"662","author":"E Lattari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-150593","article-title":"Motor cortex tDCS does not modulate perceived exertion within multiple-sets of\nresistance exercises","volume":"24","author":"R A Montenegro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81418","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081418","article-title":"Preliminary evidence that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation\nenhances time to task failure of a sustained submaximal contraction","volume":"8","author":"P S Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.10.028","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation improves isometric time to exhaustion of\nthe knee extensors","volume":"339","author":"L Angius","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.01.003","article-title":"Effects of TDCS dosage on working memory in healthy participants","volume":"11","author":"S Nikolin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"550","article-title":"Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on neuronal\nfunctions","volume":"10","author":"S Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"663","article-title":"Recurrence quantification analysis of surface electromyogram supports\nalterations in motor unit recruitment strategies by anodal transcranial direct\ncurrent stimulation","volume":"33","author":"A Dutta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.12.003","article-title":"Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): A tool for double-blind sham-controlled\nclinical studies in brain stimulation","volume":"117","author":"P C Gandiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.12.227","article-title":"Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on exercise performance: A\nsystematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"D G Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3109\/10601333.2015.980944","article-title":"Regulatory considerations for the clinical and research use of transcranial\ndirect current stimulation (tDCS): Review and recommendations from an expert\npanel","volume":"32","author":"F Fregni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Res Regul Aff"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00483","article-title":"\u201cBrain-Doping,\u201d is it a real threat?","volume":"10","author":"D Holgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01489","article-title":"Commentary: \u201cBrain-Doping,\u201d is it a real threat?","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1198-8525.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T23:50:28Z","timestamp":1609804228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1198-8525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1198-8525","relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4622","1439-3964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0172-4622","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3964","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]}}}