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This study aimed to examine the in vivo effects of 3 protease inhibitors isolated from Bauhinia species: i) Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor, which blocks human neutrophil elastase (Kiapp\u20092.8\u2009nM) and cathepsin G (Kiapp\u20091.0\u2009nM) activities; ii) Bauhinia mollis trypsin inhibitor, a trypsin inhibitor (Kiapp\u20095.0\u2009nM); and iii) Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor, which inhibits elastase (Kiapp\u20092.6\u2009nM), cathepsin G (Kiapp\u2009160.0\u2009nM), and the cysteine proteases cathepsin L (Kiapp\u20090.2\u2009nM). Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor, Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor, and Bauhinia mollis trypsin inhibitor were isolated using acetone and ammonium sulfate fractionations, DEAE-Sephadex, trypsin-Sepharose, and Resource-Q chromatographies. Mice and rats were treated intraperitoneally with 1 dose of inhibitor; gastric mucosal lesions were induced by cold-restraint stress. Oral pretreatment of mice with Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor or Bauhinia mollis trypsin inhibitor (1\u200a\u2013\u200a10\u2009mg\/kg) did not show anti-ulcer effect, while Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor (0.1\u200a\u2013\u200a1.0\u2009mg\/kg) produced a similar reduction of the index of mucosal damage at all effective doses (30 to 33% &lt; control). In rats at doses lower than those used in mice, Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor and Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor reduced the index of mucosal damage by 66% and 54% of controls, respectively. The results indicate a protective effect against gastric mucosal lesions associated with elastase inhibition but not inhibition of trypsin activities. Moreover, the lack of Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor efficacy observed in mice may possibly be related to the reported structural differences of elastase in mice and rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1202-4799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T22:47:45Z","timestamp":1594766865000},"page":"169-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bauhinia Protease Inhibitors Attenuate Gastric Ulcer by Blocking Neutrophil Enzymes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Mayara Vioto","family":"Valois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cleide","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Jos\u00e9","family":"Lapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caden","family":"Souccar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7346-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luiza Vilela","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Plants of Pantanal \u2013 Embrapa \u2013 Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Pantanal (Corumba, MS)","author":"A Pott","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.06.004","article-title":"The gastric ulcer protective and healing role of cysteine proteinases from Carica candamarcensis","volume":"15","author":"V J Mello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"124","article-title":"Antiulcer activity of methanol extract of leaves of Bauhinia racemosa Linn (Leguminaceae)","volume":"4","author":"R D Bhalke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research J Pharm and Tech"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2756","article-title":"Chemical composition and biological potential of plants from 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