{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T23:28:35Z","timestamp":1783553315028,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adrenal insufficiency (AI) requires life-long treatment with glucocorticoid\nreplacement therapy. Over- or under-substitution carries the risk of\nincreased morbidity in the form of side effects or adrenal crises.\nGlucocorticoid replacement therapy needs to be flexible with dose adaptation\nin special situations. This could not be managed by medical personnel on a\ndaily basis, but requires an educated patient who has a good knowledge of\nthe disease, understands his medical therapy and is able to perform\nsituational dose adaptation. The rarity of the disease in combination with\nthe need to respond to stressful situations with rapid glucocorticoid dose\nadjustment underlines that a well-trained patient is crucial for optimal\nmanagement of the disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this literature review we provide background information further\nclarifying the need of education in patients with AI including the current\nshortcomings of medical therapy and of the treatment of patients with AI. We\noutline the aims of therapeutic patient education, present the concept of\nstructured patient education in Germany, and discuss available results of\npatient group education programs. Furthermore, we propose strategies how\ntherapeutic patient education for adrenal insufficiency can be organized\nunder COVID-19 pandemic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1217-7208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T02:59:01Z","timestamp":1596769141000},"page":"241-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Therapeutic Patient Education for Adrenal Insufficiency under\nCOVID-19 Pandemic Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Kienitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Hahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University\nHospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Burger-Stritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine I, University\nHospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Quinkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4882","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1368 PubMed PMID: 19858318","article-title":"Clinical, immunological, and genetic features of autoimmune primary adrenal\ninsufficiency: observations from a Norwegian registry","volume":"94","author":"M M Erichsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4059. PubMed PMID: 23457412","article-title":"Deaths among adult patients with hypopituitarism: hypocortisolism during acute\nstress, and de novo malignant brain tumors contribute to an increased\nmortality","volume":"98","author":"P Burman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0033 PubMed PMID: 20086217","article-title":"Mortality in patients with pituitary disease","volume":"31","author":"M Sherlock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03340.x PubMed PMID: 18727712","article-title":"Increased death risk and altered cancer incidence pattern in patients with\nisolated or combined autoimmune primary adrenocortical insufficiency","volume":"69","author":"S Bensing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2715","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2957 PubMed PMID: 25279502","article-title":"Increased mortality in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to\n21-hydroxylase deficiency","volume":"99","author":"H Falhammar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0076. 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Lancet\nDiabetes Endocrinol","author":"R N Clayton","year":"2016","journal-title":"4(7):569-76. Epub 2016\/06\/0"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13609 PubMed PMID: 29682773","article-title":"Mortality data from the European Adrenal Insufficiency Registry-Patient\ncharacterization and associations","volume":"89","author":"M Quinkler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-15-1187. PubMed PMID: 27025241","article-title":"Low-dose hydrocortisone replacement is associated with improved arterial\nstiffness index and blood pressure dynamics in severely\nadrenocorticotrophin-deficient hypopituitary male patients","volume":"174","author":"L A Behan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2216 PubMed PMID: 27490921","article-title":"Effects of Hydrocortisone on the Regulation of Blood Pressure: Results From a\nRandomized Controlled Trial","volume":"101","author":"J Werumeus Buning","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.211 PubMed PMID: 21178996","article-title":"Addisonian crisis in a young man with atypical anorexia nervosa","volume":"7","author":"B Allolio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-09-0559. 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Endocrine centres are essential in the care of patients\nwith adrenal insufficiency","volume":"35","author":"D Kampmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ14-0612. 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PubMed PMID: 25226291","article-title":"Patients with adrenal insufficiency hate their medication: concerns and stronger\nbeliefs about the necessity of hydrocortisone intake are associated with more\nnegative illness perceptions","volume":"99","author":"J Tiemensma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12991. PubMed PMID: 26641418","article-title":"Glucocorticoid therapy for adrenal insufficiency: nonadherence, concerns and\ndissatisfaction with information","volume":"84","author":"S C Chapman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14004. 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PubMed PMID: 32232480; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7108679","article-title":"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists","volume":"105","author":"U B Kaiser","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30149-2 PubMed PMID: 32334645; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7180011","article-title":"Use of glucocorticoids in patients with adrenal insufficiency and COVID-19\ninfection","author":"A M Isidori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0898-6","article-title":"Social Network-Based Distancing Strategies to Flatten the COVID-19 Curve in a\nPost-Lockdown World","volume":"4","author":"P Block","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1217-7208.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T23:55:38Z","timestamp":1617926138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1217-7208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1217-7208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,6]]}}}