{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:37:32Z","timestamp":1761395852915},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Purpose\u2002To assess morphological and hemodynamic characteristics of peripheral vascular malformations on 3\u200aT magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including qualitative comparison of two fat-saturated sequences: short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and three-dimensional high-resolution volume interpolated gradient recalled echo (GRE).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Materials and Methods\u2002During 9 months, 100 patients with suspected or known vascular malformations were prospectively assessed on a 3\u200aT scanner using T2-weighted STIR and turbo spin echo (TSE), T1-weighted TSE, time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) and T1-weighted volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) after contrast enhancement. The analysis included signal behavior and morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics. Additionally, the image quality of the fat-saturated sequences was evaluated by 2\u00a0radiologists.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u200286 patients (14 dropouts; 57 female, 29 male; mean age 26.8 years, age range 1\u201356) were analyzed. 22 had high-flow and 64 low-flow malformations, including 14 with a lymphatic component. In 21 of 22 patients with high-flow malformations, typical characteristics (flow voids, hyperdynamic arteriovenous fistula, dilated main\/feeder-arteries and draining veins) were documented. Patients with low-flow malformations had phleboliths in 35 cases, fluid-fluid levels in 47\u00a0and dilated draining veins in 23. Lymphatic malformations showed peripheral contrast enhancement of cyst walls in the volume interpolated GRE. The comparison of fat-saturated sequences showed significantly better results of the volume interpolated GRE in all categories except the presence of artifacts which were significantly reduced in the STIR (p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u20023\u200aT MRI with MRA provides detailed morphological and hemodynamic information of different types of peripheral vascular malformations. Contrast-enhanced high-resolution volume interpolated GRE proved superior to STIR in differentiating morphologic features and to be diagnostic in the differentiation of lymphatic parts and joint involvement.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points:\u2002<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Citation Format\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1253-8422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T23:16:02Z","timestamp":1601594162000},"page":"446-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["3T MRI of Peripheral Vascular Malformations: Characteristics and\u00a0Comparison of Two Fat-Saturated sequences: Short Tau Inversion Recovery Versus Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Volume Interpolated Gradient Recalled Echo"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Florentine","family":"H\u00f6hn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic and Policlinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wibke","family":"Uller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Brill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, Martin Luther University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Guntau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, Martin Luther University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Wildgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter A.","family":"Wohlgemuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic and Policlinic of Radiology, Martin Luther University Hospital Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002","article-title":"Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: A classification based on endothelial characteristics","volume":"69","author":"J B Mulliken","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"375","article-title":"Vascular tumors and vascular malformations (new issues)","volume":"13","author":"O Enjolras","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Dermatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1997.tb02522.x","article-title":"Classification and management of the various superficial vascular anomalies: hemangiomas and vascular malformations","volume":"24","author":"O Enjolras","year":"1997","journal-title":"J 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