{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:33:24Z","timestamp":1740126804322,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["104908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104908"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["106988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106988"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["108667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108667"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["85277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["85277"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Planta Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fractions of an ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, respectively enriched in xanthones and benzophenones, were previously shown to inhibit mammalian \u03b1-glucosidase in vitro. The present study investigated ex vivo intestinal transport of these fractions, using excised porcine jejunal tissue, to determine whether the gut could be a predominant in vivo site of action. The major bioactive compounds, the xanthones (mangiferin, isomangiferin) and benzophenones (3-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone, 3-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone) exhibited poor permeation in the absorptive direction with a relatively high efflux ratio (efflux ratio &gt;\u20091). The efflux ratio of 3-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyl-4-O-\u03b2-D-glucopyranosyliriflophenone (3.05) was similar to rhodamine 123 (2.99), a known substrate of intestinal P-glycoprotein 1 efflux transporters. Low epithelial membrane transport rates, coupled with efflux mechanisms, would effectively concentrate these bioactive compounds at the target site (gut lumen). Storage stability testing and moisture sorption assays of the xanthone-enriched fraction, benzophenone-enriched fraction, and ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract were performed to determine their susceptibility to physical and chemical degradation during storage. Hygroscopicity of the powders, indicated by moisture uptake, decreased in the order: benzophenone-enriched fraction (22.7%) &gt; ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract (14.0%) &gt; xanthone-enriched fraction (10.7%). 3-\u03b2-D-Glucopyranosylmaclurin, a minor benzophenone, was the least stable of the compounds, degrading faster in the benzophenone-enriched fraction than in ultrafiltered Cyclopia genistoides extract, suggesting that the ultrafiltered extract matrix may provide a degree of protection against chemical degradation. Compound degradation during 12\u2009wk of storage at 40\u200a\u00b0C in moisture-impermeable containers was best explained by first order reaction kinetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1265-1945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T23:44:31Z","timestamp":1604447071000},"page":"325-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Physicochemical Stability of Enriched Phenolic Fractions of Cyclopia genistoides and ex vivo Bi-directional Permeability of Major Xanthones and Benzophenones"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiaan Johannes","family":"Malherbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josias H.","family":"Hamman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marieta","family":"van der Rijst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometry Unit, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marique","family":"Aucamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9717-9769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201400745","article-title":"Mind the gap-deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites \u2013 a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols","volume":"59","author":"T Bohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.05.016","article-title":"Overview on gastroretentive drug delivery systems for improving drug bioavailability","volume":"510","author":"C M Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000171126.98783.0c","article-title":"Functional foods in the management of obesity and type 2 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