{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:04:21Z","timestamp":1790553861289,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The implementation of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in psychiatry remains modest, in part due to divergent perceptions of the quality and completeness of the evidence base and diverse perspectives on the clinical utility of PGx testing among psychiatrists and other healthcare providers. Recognizing the current lack of consensus within the field, the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics assembled a group of experts to conduct a narrative synthesis of the PGx literature, prescribing guidelines, and product labels related to psychotropic medications as well as the key considerations and limitations related to the use of PGx testing in psychiatry. The group concluded that to inform medication selection and dosing of several commonly-used antidepressant and antipsychotic medications, current published evidence, prescribing guidelines, and product labels support the use of PGx testing for 2 cytochrome P450 genes (CYP2D6, CYP2C19). In addition, the evidence supports testing for human leukocyte antigen genes when using the mood stabilizers carbamazepine (HLA-A and HLA-B), oxcarbazepine (HLA-B), and phenytoin (CYP2C9, HLA-B). For valproate, screening for variants in certain genes (POLG, OTC, CSP1) is recommended when a mitochondrial disorder or a urea cycle disorder is suspected. Although barriers to implementing PGx testing remain to be fully resolved, the current trajectory of discovery and innovation in the field suggests these barriers will be overcome and testing will become an important tool in psychiatry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1288-1061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T18:39:49Z","timestamp":1604515189000},"page":"5-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Review and Consensus on Pharmacogenomic Testing in Psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Chad A.","family":"Bousman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne A.","family":"Bengesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Aitchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Medical Genetics and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azmeraw T.","family":"Amare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"},{"name":"South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Aschauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biopsychosocial Corporation (BioPsyC), non-profit association, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard T.","family":"Baune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahareh Behroozi","family":"Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Medical Genetics and the Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, 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Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn E.","family":"DeLisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lasse","family":"Folkersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Capital Region Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri E.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"McClay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Musil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Saccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Sangkuhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Stowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology (Medicine), University of British Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ene-Choo","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KK Research Centre, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun 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