{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:07:17Z","timestamp":1782421637650,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmacopsychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\nIntroduction Genetic variation is known to affect enzymatic activities allowing differentiating various metabolizer types (e.\u2009g., slow or rapid metabolizers), in particular CYP2C19 and CYP2D6.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nMethods PGx-testing was conducted in adult major depressive disorder inpatients admitted to the Vitos Klinik Eichberg between 11\/2016 and 7\/2017 (n=108, 57% female). We conducted a two-sided Z-Test (p=0.05) to analyze and compare frequencies of CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP2C9 metabolizer groups with other European and psychiatric inpatient cohorts. The HLA-A and \u2013B genes were also analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nResults Non-normal metabolizer status of CYP2D6 were present in 47%. More specifically, 35 % were intermediate, 7% poor and 4% ultra-rapid metabolizers. 68% were CYP2C19 non-normal metabolizers. 8% were ultra-rapid and 31% rapid metabolizers. Notably, only 13% were NM for CYP2C19 and NM for CYP2D6 (activity score of 1 or more). For CYP2C9 we found 16% to be intermediate metabolizers, 1.0% poor metabolizer. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genetic polymorphisms were present in 25% and 19% respectively. HLA-B TAG- SNPs for *15:01 was positive in 25 patients, showing the need for different Tag-SNPs in Caucasians. HLA-B *57:01 TAG-SNP was positive in 8% of the patients, HLA-A TAG-SNP for *31:01 in Caucasians was positive in 9%. Z-Test showed statistical significance for our results.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nDiscussion Our results suggest that our psychiatric inpatients were enriched with genotypes consistent with non-normal drug metabolism compared to reference populations. We therefore conclude that pharmacogenetic testing should be implemented in clinical practice to guide drug therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1312-7175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:53:31Z","timestamp":1608166411000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Frequencies of Genetic Polymorphisms of Clinically Relevant Gene-Drug Pairs in a German Psychiatric Inpatient Population"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitos Klinik Eichberg, Eltville, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibylle C.","family":"Roll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitos Klinik Eichberg, Eltville, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"From the origins of pharmacogenetics to first applications in psychiatry","volume":"52","author":"D J M\u00fcller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000465","article-title":"Towards integration of pharmakogenetics in psychiatry: A minimum, evidence-based genetic testing panel","volume":"32","author":"C A Bousman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Roadmap for routine pharmacogenetic testing in a psychiatric university 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