{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:01:50Z","timestamp":1790193710512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"AstraZeneca","award":["ESR-16-12227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESR-16-12227"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endoscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2002Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency with significant mortality. Despite developments in endoscopic and clinical management, only minor improvements in outcomes have been reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2002This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with non-malignant UGIB emergency admissions in England between 2003 and 2015, using Hospital Episode Statistics. Multilevel logistic regression analysis examined the associations with mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2002242 796 patients with an UGIB admission were identified (58.8\u200a% men; median age 70 [interquartile range (IQR) 53\u200a\u2013\u200a81]). Between 2003 and 2015, falls occurred in both 30-day mortality (7.5\u200a% to 7.0\u200a%; P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and age-standardized mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.74, 95\u200a% confidence interval [CI] 0.69\u200a\u2013\u200a0.80; P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), including from variceal bleeding (OR 0.63, 95\u200a%CI 0.45\u200a\u2013\u200a0.87; P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.005). Increasing co-morbidity (Charlson score &gt;\u200a5, OR 2.94, 95\u200a%CI 2.85\u200a\u2013\u200a3.04; P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), older age (&gt;\u200a83 years, OR 6.50, 95\u200a%CI 6.09\u200a\u2013\u200a6.94; P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), variceal bleeding (OR 2.03, 95\u200a%CI 1.89\u200a\u2013\u200a2.18; P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), and a weekend admission (Sunday, OR 1.18, 95\u200a%CI 1.12\u200a\u2013\u200a1.23; P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) were associated with 30-day mortality. Of deaths at 30 days, 8.9\u200a% were from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and the cardiovascular age-standardized mortality rate following UGIB was high (IHD deaths within 1 year, 1188.4 [95\u200a%CI 1036.8\u200a\u2013\u200a1353.8] per 100 000 men in 2003).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2002Between 2003 and 2015, 30-day mortality among emergency admissions with non-malignant UGIB fell by 0.5\u200a% to 7.0\u200a%. Mortality was higher among UGIB admissions at the weekend, with important implications for service provision. Patients with UGIB had a much greater risk of subsequently dying from cardiovascular disease and addressing this risk is a key management step in UGIB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1330-7118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:11:38Z","timestamp":1613693498000},"page":"1210-1218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The outcomes of emergency hospital admissions with non-malignant upper gastrointestinal bleeding in England between 2003 and 2015"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Evison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Informatics, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jemma","family":"Mytton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Informatics, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Trudgill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell & West Birmingham NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7107.510","article-title":"Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in west of Scotland: 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