{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:39:56Z","timestamp":1791819596539,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background and study aims\u2002Previous reports have suggested that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pediatric patients are safe. However, the total number of cases presented in the literature remains small. We present results regarding safety and outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing ERCP at Oslo University Hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients and methods\u2002Patients &lt;\u200a18 years who underwent ERCP between April 1999 and November 2017 were identified using procedure codes. Medical records were examined for age, gender, diagnosis, indications, type of sedation, findings, interventions, and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2002A total of 244 procedures were performed in 158 patients. Fifty-six of these were in 53 infants (age \u2264\u200a1 year). Mean age was 8.8 years. The youngest patient was 8 days old. Mean weight was 5.0\u200akg in infants, the smallest weighing 2.9\u200akg. Cannulation failed in 19 (7.8\u200a%). The main indication in infants was suspicion of biliary atresia (n\u200a=\u200a38). Six of the procedures (10.7\u200a%) were therapeutic. In children the main indications were biliary stricture (n\u200a=\u200a64) and investigation of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (n\u200a=\u200a45). 119 (63.2\u200a%) of these procedures were therapeutic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Complications were uncommon in infants; only two episodes of infection were registered. In children (&gt;\u200a1 year) post-ERCP pancreatitis were seen in 10.4\u200a%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions\u2002Our retrospective series of ERCP procedures includes 56 procedures in infants, which is one of the largest series presented. Complications in infants are rare and post-ERCP pancreatitis was not seen. In older children 10.4\u200a% experienced post-ERCP pancreatitis. In expert hands, ERCP was shown to be acceptably feasible and safe in infants and children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1337-2212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T18:43:39Z","timestamp":1613673819000},"page":"E292-E296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in infants and children"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"09","author":[{"given":"Tone Lise","family":"\u00c5vitsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Aabakken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0210805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210805","article-title":"ERCP in infants, children, and adolescents-Different roles of the methods in different age groups","volume":"14","author":"R Keil","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.051","article-title":"Success and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children","volume":"52","author":"J D Rosen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618817699","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis in pediatric population: Long-term efficacy and safety","volume":"7","author":"D Kohoutova","year":"2019","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(91)70740-2","article-title":"Endoscopic sphincterotomy complications and their management: an attempt at consensus","volume":"37","author":"P B Cotton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2008.0272","article-title":"Utility of ERCP in neonatal and infant cholestasis","volume":"19","author":"L Aabakken","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2015.08.004","article-title":"Pediatric considerations in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography","volume":"26","author":"D M Troendle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181a8711f","article-title":"Selective use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of biliary atresia in infants younger than 100 days","volume":"49","author":"N P Shanmugam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1215372","article-title":"Diagnostic efficacy of ERCP in cholestatic infants and neonates -- a retrospective study on a large series","volume":"42","author":"R Keil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.06.025","article-title":"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography prior to explorative laparotomy avoids unnecessary surgery in patients suspected for biliary atresia","volume":"51","author":"C Petersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4105-1","article-title":"Technical outcomes and complications of pediatric ERCP","volume":"29","author":"M J Giefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.08.046","article-title":"Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric patients; a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"D Usatin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616687868","article-title":"ERCP in infants, children and adolescents is feasible and safe: results from a tertiary care center","volume":"5","author":"J Felux","year":"2017","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-014-0518-5","article-title":"Changing pattern of indications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children and adolescents: a twelve-year experience","volume":"11","author":"C O Kieling","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.02.023","article-title":"Equipment for pediatric endoscopy","volume":"76","author":"A T Committee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"}],"container-title":["Endoscopy International Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1337-2212.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T18:44:01Z","timestamp":1613673841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1337-2212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1337-2212","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-3722","2196-9736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-3722","type":"print"},{"value":"2196-9736","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]}}}