{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:23:09Z","timestamp":1764588189774,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Purpose To analyze the central macular thickness (CMT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), ganglion cell layer thickness (GCLT), and choroidal thickness (ChT) measurements in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods The study was conducted cross-sectionally 4 weeks after the completed treatment of COVID-19. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on the polymerase chain reaction test and\/or clinical and radiological findings. The patients with treated COVID-19 were enrolled in the COVID-19 group; age- and sex-matched healthy participants served as the control group. All patients in the COVID-19 group were hospitalized and treated with favipiravir, moxifloxacin, and heparin without the requirement for intubation. The measurements of CMT, RNFLT (in four quadrants), GCLT (in six sectors of two different boundaries), and ChT (in five locations) were performed by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Similar visual acuity (p\u2009=\u20090.582) and intraocular pressure (p\u2009=\u20090.766) values were observed between the COVID-19 and control groups. Regarding SS-OCT measurements, all mean CMT, RNFLT (in four quadrants), GCLT (in six sectors of two different boundaries), and ChT (in five locations) values were similar in the COVID-19 and control groups (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05 for all). In the COVID-19 group, a statistically significant negative correlation was noted between the mean ferritin level and temporal RNFLT (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.378, p\u2009=\u20090.014) and a positive correlation was observed between the mean ferritin level and nasal RNFLT (r\u2009=\u2009+\u20090.371, p\u2009=\u20090.016).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion SS-OCT measurements showed no retinal neurodegenerative and choroidal thickness alterations in COVID-19 patients. Nonsignificant results might be due to the examination of the patients in the early period of the COVID-19 after the treatment. Therefore, late period OCT measurements should be reviewed with new studies in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1340-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]],"date-time":"2021-04-14T23:22:29Z","timestamp":1618442549000},"page":"1092-1097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assessment of Retinal Neurodegeneration and Choroidal Thickness in COVID-19 Patients Using Swept-Source OCT Technology"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Tugba","family":"Cetinkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammed M.","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7443-6902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cetin","family":"Akpolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"283","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"W J Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic","volume":"91","author":"D Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"167","article-title":"COVID-19 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET)","volume":"18","author":"M Marietta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02134-3","article-title":"COVID-19 update: Covid-19 associated coagulopathy","volume":"50","author":"R Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","article-title":"Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19","volume":"191","author":"F A Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.1291","article-title":"Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province, China","volume":"138","author":"P Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31014-X","article-title":"Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"P M Marinho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25915","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"92","author":"A Paniz-Mondolfi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"665","article-title":"Infectability of human BrainSphere neurons suggests neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"37","author":"C K Bullen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ALTEX"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.062","article-title":"A first case of meningitis\/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2","volume":"94","author":"T Moriguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1754","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010111","article-title":"Neurochemical evidence of astrocytic and neuronal injury commonly found in COVID-19","volume":"95","author":"N Kanberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25728","article-title":"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients","volume":"92","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3317\/jraas.2002.045","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the eye in diabetes","volume":"3","author":"W D Strain","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1770301","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human retinal biopsies of deceased COVID-19 patients","volume":"28","author":"M Casagrande","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2020.100884","article-title":"There is no intraocular affection on a SARS-CoV-2 \u2013 Infected ocular surface","volume":"20","author":"P Lauermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"238","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147- spike protein","volume":"5","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.09.085613","article-title":"Potential modes of COVID-19 transmission from human eye revealed by single-cell atlas","author":"K Hamashima","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","article-title":"Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis","volume":"203","author":"I Hamming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e227","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16783","article-title":"Severe COVID-19 infection and thrombotic microangiopathy: success does not come easily","volume":"189","author":"E Gavriilaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31014-X","article-title":"Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"P M Marinho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1084-9","article-title":"Concerns about the interpretation of OCT and fundus findings in COVID-19 patients in recent Lancet publication","volume":"34","author":"D G Vavvas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1069-8","article-title":"Paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy following SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"34","author":"J Virgo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672120947591","article-title":"Papillophlebitis in a COVID-19 patient: inflammation and hypercoagulable state","author":"A Insausti-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1738501","article-title":"Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals","volume":"28","author":"I Seah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1792512","article-title":"Panuveitis and Optic Neuritis as a Possible Initial Presentation of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"28","author":"B Benito-Pascual","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092895","article-title":"Peripapillary Retinal Vascular Involvement in Early Post-COVID-19 Patients","volume":"9","author":"A Savastano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26290","article-title":"Optic nerve analysis in COVID-19 patients","author":"B Burgos-Blasco","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1738501","article-title":"Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals","volume":"28","author":"I Seah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2018.0004","article-title":"Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses did not change in long-term hydroxychloroquine users","volume":"32","author":"E J Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0186-4","article-title":"Diabetic macular morphology changes may occur in the early stage of diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Y Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2655","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522014113","article-title":"Retinal neurodegeneration may precede microvascular changes characteristic of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus","volume":"113","author":"E H Sohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.107957","article-title":"Systemic hypoxia led to little retinal neuronal loss and dramatic optic nerve glial response","volume":"193","author":"L A Mesentier-Louro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26020","article-title":"Hypoxemia in COVID-19; comment on: \u201cThe neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\u201d","volume":"92","author":"M Coen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1340-0066.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T23:35:31Z","timestamp":1634600131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1340-0066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1340-0066","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0023-2165"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-3999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]}}}