{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:40:08Z","timestamp":1762508408001,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ultraschall Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>LUS patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia have been described and shown to be characteristic. The aim of the study was to predict the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, using a score based on LUS findings.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2002An observational, retrospective study was conducted on patients admitted to Niguarda hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia during the period of a month, from March 2nd to April 3rd 2020. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings were collected. LUS was performed in all patients. The chest was divided into 12 areas. The LUS report was drafted using a score from 0 to 3 with 0\u00a0corresponding to A pattern, 1 corresponding to well separated vertical artifacts (B lines), 2 corresponding to white lung and small consolidations, 3 corresponding to wide consolidations. The total score results from the sum of the scores for each area. The primary outcome was endotracheal intubation, no active further management, or death. The secondary outcome was discharge from the emergency room (ER).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2002255 patients were enrolled. 93.7\u200a% had a positive LUS.\u200aETI was performed in 43 patients, and 24 received a DNI order. The general mortality rate was 15.7\u200a%. Male sex (OR\u00a03.04, p\u200a=\u200a0.014), cardiovascular disease and hypertension (OR 2.75, p\u200a=\u200a0.006), P\/F (OR 0.99, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and an LUS score &gt;\u200a20 (OR 2.52, p\u200a=\u200a0.046) were independent risk factors associated with the primary outcome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for an LUS score &gt;\u200a20 was performed with an AUC of 0.837. Independent risk factors associated with the secondary outcome were age (OR 0.96, p\u200a=\u200a0.073), BMI (OR 0.87, p\u200a=\u200a0,13), P\/F (OR 1.03, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), and LUS score &lt;\u200a10 (OR 20.9, p\u200a=\u200a0.006). ROC curve analysis was performed using an LUS score &lt;\u200a10 with an AUC 0.967.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2002The extent of lung abnormalities evaluated by LUS score is a predictor of a worse outcome, ETI, or death. Moreover, the LUS score could be an additional tool for the safe discharge of patient from the ER.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1344-4715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:11:11Z","timestamp":1613693471000},"page":"168-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk Stratification in COVID-19 Pneumonia \u2013 Determining the Role of Lung Ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8677-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Tombini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Di Capua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, ASST Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Capsoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lazzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General and Digestive Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Gheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Ghezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Cassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Albertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Zacchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Campanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Residency, University of Milan\u2013Bicocca, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia Barbara","family":"Cazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Velati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro Luigi","family":"Di Domenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Tonani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, ASST Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Spina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, ASST Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Paglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, ASST Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa548","article-title":"Association of higher body mass index (BMI) with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in younger patients [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 8]","author":"S WX Ong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16533","article-title":"Risk Factors for Mortality in 244 Older Adults With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 8]","author":"H Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0369","article-title":"Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis [published online ahead of print 2020 Apr 10]","author":"B M Henry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202033","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2033","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 12]","author":"W Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201433","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201433","article-title":"Well-aerated Lung on Admitting Chest CT to Predict Adverse Outcome in COVID-19 Pneumonia [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 17]","author":"D Colombi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05725-8","article-title":"Thoracic ultrasonography: a narrative review","volume":"45","author":"P H Mayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2513-4","article-title":"International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound","volume":"38","author":"G Volpicelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2317-y","article-title":"Lung ultrasound in critically ill patients: comparison with bedside chest radiography","volume":"37","author":"N Xirouchaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06096-1","article-title":"Lung ultrasonography versus chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia: a two-centered retrospective comparison study from China [published online ahead of print 2020 May 25]","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05996-6","article-title":"Findings of lung ultrasonography of novel coronavirus pneumonia during the 2019-2020 epidemic","volume":"46","author":"Q Y Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E6","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200847","article-title":"Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia?","volume":"295","author":"E Poggiali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15284","article-title":"Is There a Role for Lung Ultrasound During the COVID-19 Pandemic? [published online ahead of print 2020 Mar 20]","author":"G Soldati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06048-9","article-title":"What's new in lung ultrasound during the COVID-19 pandemic [published online ahead of print 2020 May 4]","author":"G Volpicelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0236312","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236312","article-title":"Lung ultrasound score to monitor COVID-19 pneumonia progression in patients with ARDS","volume":"15","author":"A Dargent","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS\u00a0one"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15548","article-title":"A New Lung Ultrasound Protocol Able to Predict Worsening in Patients Affected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pneumonia","volume":"9999","author":"T Perrone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22055","article-title":"Clinical role of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women [published online ahead of print 2020 Apr 26]","author":"D Buonsenso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03683-8","article-title":"Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from two Italian pediatric research network. [published online ahead of print 2020 June 3]","author":"N Parri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15082","article-title":"Point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19 \u2013 a narrative review [published online ahead of print 2020 Apr 10]","author":"M J Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1024\/1661-8157\/a003512","article-title":"COVID-19 \u2013 More Lung Pocus and Sparing Use of Stethoscope, Chest X-Ray and Lung CT [published online ahead of print 2020 May 1]","author":"J Osterwalder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Praxis (Bern 1994)"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Lung ultrasound in the ICU: from diagnostic instrument to respiratory monitoring tool","volume":"78","author":"G Via","year":"2012","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15285","article-title":"Proposal for International Standardization of the Use of Lung Ultrasound for Patients With COVID-19: A Simple, Quantitative, Reproducible Method [published online ahead of print 2020 Mar 30]","author":"G Soldati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02880-z","article-title":"COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not?","volume":"24","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31189-2","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study [published online ahead of print 2020 May 19]","author":"M J Cummings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy [published online ahead of print 2020 Apr 6]","volume":"323","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02324-w","article-title":"CT imaging changes of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19): a multi-center study in Southwest China","volume":"18","author":"X Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30086-4","article-title":"Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"20","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1344-4715.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T23:07:24Z","timestamp":1649200044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1344-4715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1344-4715","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0172-4614","1438-8782"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0172-4614"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1438-8782"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]}}}