{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:28:39Z","timestamp":1789093719503,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","funder":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Scandinavia AS; Empowering Industry and Research EIR Northern Jutland and the Innovation Fund Denmark, Individuals, Disease and Society, Copenhagen, Denmark","award":["Grant no. 10\u2013092786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant no. 10\u2013092786"]}]},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Scandinavia AS; Empowering Industry and Research EIR Northern Jutland and the Innovation Fund Denmark, Individuals, Disease and Society, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\nObjective Thalamus is essential in processing of sensory information. This study explored the associations between thalamic volume and intra-thalamic metabolites and associations to clinical and experimental characteristics of sensory function in adults with diabetic polyneuropathy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nMethods 48 adults with type 1 diabetes and confirmed distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy (DPSN) and 28 healthy controls participated in a cross-sectional study and underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. Estimates for thalamic volume were extracted using voxel-based morphometry and intra-thalamic N-acetylaspartate\/creatine (NAA\/cre) levels were assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Associations between thalamic volume and clinical measures, quantitative sensory testing and neuropathic phenotype were explored.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nResults In diabetes, reduced gray matter volume was identified including bilateral thalamus (all p\u22640.001) in comparison to healthy participants. Thalamic volume estimates were positively associated to intra-thalamic NAA\/cre (r=0.4; p=0.006), however not to diabetes duration (p=0.5), severity of DSPN (p=0.7), or presence of pain (p=0.3). Individuals with the lowest thalamic volume had greatest loss of protective sensation (light touch using von Frey-like filaments, p=0.037) and highest pain tolerance to electric stimulation (tetanic stimulation, p=0.008) compared to individuals with the highest thalamic volume.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\nConclusions In this cohort with type 1 diabetes and severe DSPN, thalamic atrophy was present and associated with reduced NAA\/cre, indicating thalamic structural loss and dysfunction. Thalamic atrophy was associated to reduced sensory function involving large fiber neuropathy and sensation to tetanic stimulation that may reflect synaptic transmission. This may ultimately contribute to the current understanding of the pathophysiology behind the perception changes evident in DSPN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1347-2579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T03:17:57Z","timestamp":1612235877000},"page":"327-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reduced Thalamic Volume and Metabolites in Type 1 Diabetes with Polyneuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Tine M.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens B.","family":"Fr\u00f8kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Selvarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusiya A.","family":"Muthulingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Juhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn M.","family":"Drewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poul E.","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Karmisholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"},{"name":"Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-014-9348-2","article-title":"Meta-analyses of structural regional cerebral effects in type 1 and type 2 diabetes","volume":"9","author":"C D Moulton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000465","article-title":"Diabetic peripheral neuropathy may not be as its name suggests: evidence from magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"157","author":"S Tesfaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2610","article-title":"Magnetic resonance neuroimaging study of brain structural differences in diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"37","author":"D 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in patients with diabetes and painful neuropathy","volume":"31","author":"L S\u00f8rensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1347-2579.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T23:37:54Z","timestamp":1653349074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1347-2579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1347-2579","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-7349","1439-3646"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-7349","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3646","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}}}