{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T20:16:54Z","timestamp":1776716214917,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Z Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depending on etiology, prognosis and malignant potential, recent S2k guideline differentiates gastric neuroendocrine tumors (gNET) in 4 types with different treatment implications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We report on a 55-year-old patient with the accidental finding of a 15\u200amm gNET. Apart from a prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for 20 years as a treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease, there were no other associations or risk factors for gNETs. Formally, this patient would have been classified as a type III gNET, implicating gastric surgery. From a pathophysiological point of view, however, the assumed prolonged gastrin hypersecretion would have justified an assignment as a type I gNET. The gNET was resected by ESD, but histology showed an R1 situation. After cessation of PPIs, there is no recurrence so far. Besides, the initially documented numerous and large gland polyps showed an impressive regression only a few weeks after cessation of PPI.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This case points to a probably underestimated gap in the present gNET classification. On the basis of present literature, the therapeutic dilemma of PPI-associated gNETs is discussed. A new assignment of PPI associated gNETs as type Ib could help to overcome this dilemma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1348-2727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1611797921000},"page":"255-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gastric NET Subtypes: Do We Need An Additional One?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Guntram","family":"Lock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Albertinen-Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Oelckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Albertinen-Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Till Sebastian","family":"Clauditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pathologie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Practice guideline neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"56","author":"A Rinke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589","article-title":"Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the United States","volume":"3","author":"A Dasari","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020662","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor use, hypergastrinemia, and gastric carcinoids \u2013 what is the relationship?","volume":"21","author":"D M McCarthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2016.1143527","article-title":"Does long-term profound inhibition of gastric acid secretion increase the risk of ECL cell-derived tumors in man?","volume":"51","author":"H L Waldum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13324","article-title":"Systematic review: the effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor use on serum gastrin levels and gastric histology","volume":"42","author":"L Lundell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000199381","article-title":"Enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids of gastric mucosa in rats after life-long inhibition of gastric secretion","volume":"35","author":"N Havu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14220","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine tumors from long-term proton-pump inhibitor users are indolent tumors with good prognosis","volume":"77","author":"V QH Trinh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12012","article-title":"Gastric carcinoids after long-term use of a proton pump inhibitor","volume":"36","author":"C S Jianu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1309\/XFWR-LXA7-7TK1-N3Q8","article-title":"Fundic glands are not induced by proton pump inhibitor therapy","volume":"116","author":"M Vieth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.05.018","article-title":"Use of proton pump inhibitors and risks of fundic gland polyps and gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"A Tran-Duy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1054426","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms and proton pump inhibitors: fact or coincidence?","volume":"50","author":"F Cavalcoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gastroenterologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1348-2727.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:11:45Z","timestamp":1615248705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1348-2727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1348-2727","relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-2771","1439-7803"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0044-2771","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7803","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]}}}