{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:08:18Z","timestamp":1763165298841},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01\/02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Hintergrund In Europa gab es in den letzten 15 Jahren mehrere\n          Sch\u00e4dlichkeits-Vergleiche bez\u00fcglich der Einnahme von psychotropen Substanzen durch\n          Suchtexperten. Eine einzige Einsch\u00e4tzung liegt bez\u00fcglich des potenziellen Nutzens vor.\n          Non-Opioiderge Analgetika (NOA), wie Gabapentinoide und NSARs, die zunehmend Gegenstand\n          von Missbrauchsberichten sind, wurden bei solchen Rankings bisher nicht ber\u00fccksichtigt.\n          Ebenso existiert bisher keine multisubstanzbezogene Einsch\u00e4tzung dar\u00fcber, ob sich die\n          Beurteilung der Sch\u00e4dlichkeit einer illegalen Rauschdroge nach \u00c4nderung des Rechtsstatus\n          in Deutschland ebenfalls \u00e4ndern k\u00f6nnte.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Studienziel und Methodik Anhand eines Fragebogens wurden 33 psychoaktive Substanzen\n          inklusive Analgetika im Hinblick auf ihre gesundheitliche und soziale Sch\u00e4dlichkeit sowie\n          potenzielle N\u00fctzlichkeit f\u00fcr den Konsumenten und deren Umgebung\u200a\/\u200aGesellschaft (\u201eandere\u201c)\n          von 101 erfahrenen Suchtmedizinern (Kohorte 1) bewertet. Zudem untersuchte diese Kohorte,\n          ob sich die Sch\u00e4dlichkeitsbeurteilung einer illegalen Substanz bei eventueller\n          Legalisierung \u00e4ndert. Um die durchschnittliche Gesamtsch\u00e4dlichkeit (Gesamtrisiko) einer\n          Substanz zu erhalten, wurde in einer zweiten Erhebung (Kohorte 2, 36 erfahrene\n          Suchtmediziner) die prozentuale Beteiligung einer jeden Dimension an der\n          Gesamtsch\u00e4dlichkeit bestimmt. Schlie\u00dflich wurden die durchschnittliche Nutzen- und\n          Gesamtrisikoeinsch\u00e4tzungen aufeinander bezogen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Ergebnisse Verordnungsf\u00e4higen psychoaktiven Substanzen wie Analgetika, NOAs\n          (inklusive Gabapentinoiden) und opioidergen Substitutionsmitteln wurde ein g\u00fcnstiges\n          Nutzen-Schadens-Profil attestiert. Jeweils im Mittelfeld der Sch\u00e4dlichkeits- wie der\n          N\u00fctzlichkeitsbeurteilung befanden sich Cannabis und Ketamin. Alkohol und Nikotin wurden\n          wie die meisten illegalen Rauschdrogen unter den sch\u00e4dlichen und am wenigsten n\u00fctzlichen\n          psychoaktiven Substanzen eingeordnet, wobei Alkohol durchschnittlich sch\u00e4dlicher, aber\n          auch n\u00fctzlicher als Nikotin beurteilt wurde. Bei potenzieller Legalisierung wurde die\n          Gesamtsch\u00e4dlichkeit der traditionellen illegalen Drogen Metamphetamin, Kokain, Heroin und\n          Cannabis als signifikant vermindert beurteilt. Dies beruhte haupts\u00e4chlich auf unter diesen\n          virtuellen Bedingungen g\u00fcnstigerer Beurteilung der Sch\u00e4den f\u00fcr andere.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Schlussfolgerung Verordnungsf\u00e4higen Substanzen inklusive opioidergen und\n          nicht-opioidergen Analgetika sowie opioidergen Substitutionsmitteln wurde ein g\u00fcnstiges\n          Nutzen-Schadens-Profil zugordnet. Ein diesbez\u00fcglich ung\u00fcnstiges Profil erhielten Alkohol,\n          Nikotin sowie traditionelle Drogen, mit Ausnahme von Cannabis und Ketamin. Die\n          Gesamtsch\u00e4dlichkeit traditioneller Drogen w\u00fcrde sich mit virtueller genereller\n          Legalisierung verringern, haupts\u00e4chlich durch Abnahme der Sch\u00e4den f\u00fcr andere.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1363-0223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T01:07:22Z","timestamp":1614301642000},"page":"19-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Abw\u00e4gung von Nutzen und Sch\u00e4dlichkeit von berauschenden und schmerzlindernden\n          Substanzen aus der Perspektive von deutschen Suchtmedizinern"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Udo","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie,\n          Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik"},{"name":"LVR-Klinik Essen, Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie & Klinik f\u00fcr\n          Abh\u00e4ngiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen,\n          Essen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Specka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LVR-Klinik Essen, Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie & Klinik f\u00fcr\n          Abh\u00e4ngiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, Universit\u00e4t Duisburg-Essen,\n          Essen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Soyka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universit\u00e4tsklinik, LMU M\u00fcnchen,\n          M\u00fcnchen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik,\n          Johanniter Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Evangelischer\n          Klinikverbund Niederrhein gGmbH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LWL-Kliniken Marsberg, Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Marsberg,\n          Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Hilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evangelische Stiftung Tannenhof, Fachkrankenhaus f\u00fcr Psychiatrie,\n          Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Neurologie, Remscheid, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hillemacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universit\u00e4tsklinik der Paracelsus\n          Medizinischen Privatuniversit\u00e4t N\u00fcrnberg"},{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische\n          Hochschule Hannover"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosomatische Klinik Bergisch Gladbach, Bergisch Gladbach,\n          Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik,\n          Johanniter Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Evangelischer\n          Klinikverbund Niederrhein gGmbH"},{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universit\u00e4tsklinik\n          K\u00f6ln"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"L\u00fcdecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachbereich f\u00fcr Abh\u00e4ngigkeitserkrankungen, Asklepios Fachklinikum G\u00f6ttingen,\n          Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Interdisziplin\u00e4re Suchtforschung, Klinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und\n          Psychotherapie, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf"},{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Psychosoziale Medizin, Gesundheit Nord, Klinikverbund Bremen,\n          Bremen, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t\n          Bochum, Campus Ost-Westfalen-Lippe, L\u00fcbbecke, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Welf","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDIAN Klinik Wied, Wied, 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