{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:00:08Z","timestamp":1767844808953,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Laryngorhinootologie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impfungen sind der Goldstandard zur Prophylaxe gef\u00e4hrlicher Infektionserkrankungen. Innerhalb weniger als 12 Monaten seit Entschl\u00fcsselung der kodierenden RNA-Sequenzen von SARS-CoV-2 wurden bereits 2 RNA-Impfstoffe gegen COVID-19 in wesentlichen Teilen der Welt zugelassen und seit Dezember 2020 eingesetzt. Der Herausforderung durch eine beispiellose globale Pandemie folgte in bisherig einmaliger Art und Weise der Zusammenarbeit und koordinierten Antwort die Entwicklung verschiedener Impfstoffe basierend auf unterschiedlichen Technologieplattformen. In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Charakteristiken der in Pr\u00fcfung befindlichen sowie bereits zugelassenen Impfstoffe dargestellt und erkl\u00e4rt, z.\u200aB. Subunit-Impfstoffe, inaktivierte Vollimpfstoffe, abgeschw\u00e4chte Lebendimpfstoffe und Virus-like-Particle (VLP) -Impfstoffe. Die neuartigen rekombinanten Impfstoffstrategien basierend auf adenoviralen Vektoren sowie die durch die schnelle Entwicklung und erstmalige Zulassung in den Fokus ger\u00fcckten RNA-Impfstoffe sowie ihre Biologie und Pharmakologie werden erl\u00e4utert. Allergische Reaktionen gegen diese Impfstoffe und Bestandteile existieren, sind aber selten. Immunreaktionen sowie Nebenwirkungen sollten gut dokumentiert werden. In seltenen F\u00e4llen einer vermuteten Allergie gegen Impfstoffbestandteile, vor allem gegen PEGs, ist eine pr\u00e4emptive Hauttestung m\u00f6glich. Die Entwicklung innovativer Impfstofftechnologien und antiviraler Medikamente ist von strategischer Bedeutung im Sinne einer zuk\u00fcnftigen \u201epandemic preparedness\u201c.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1372-3270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T03:16:47Z","timestamp":1612235807000},"page":"252-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Allergische Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfungen \u2013 Was HNO-\u00c4rzte wissen sollten \u2013 Teil 1: Allgemeine Aspekte von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, immunologische Grundlagen\u00a0von Allergien auf Impfstoffe, Immunmechanismen von allergischen und\u00a0pseudoallergischen Reaktionen; Teil 2: Charakteristiken der mRNA-Impfstoffe BNT162b2 und mRNA-1273 zur Prophylaxe von COVID-19, weitere Impfstoff-Kandidaten und assoziierte Immunph\u00e4nomene; Teil 3: Praktische Aspekte der Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie von Allergien auf\u00a0COVID-19-Impfstoffe"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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