{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T17:29:38Z","timestamp":1776533378474,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Purpose Patients with carcinomas often share symptoms of vision deterioration as part of paraneoplastic retinopathy (PNR), based on a cross-reaction between antigens expressed by the underlying tumor and retinal proteins. However, some of the underlying symptoms may be explained by a drug-induced toxicity. The application of new therapeutic strategies with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors in advanced cancers are still under evaluation for safety and tolerability, but also for dose-limiting toxicities. In the presented data, we identified a drug-induced pseudo-central serous chorioretinopathy (pCSC) to be the reason for central vision deterioration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods A retrospective, observational, case-controlled study included seven patients receiving MEK and six patients receiving FGFR inhibitor treatment for bronchopulmonal cancer. We compared the clinical and diagnostic pictures of pCSC patients with that of 50 CSC patients (100 eyes) and 7 patients (14 eyes) with PNR. The activity of pCSC was assessed by clinical examination, supported by multimodal imaging. The relationships between clinical symptomatology and systemic disease activity were evaluated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results Three out of thirteen patients (23.1%) showed signs of pCSC (one FGFR and two MEK inhibitor patients). All three pCSC patients showed central bilateral detachment of the neurosensory retina on OCT imaging, but also paracentral multifocal lesions in the second subject. Compared to our CSC and PNR patients, the lesions in pCSC patients showed no lipofuscin irregularities on FAF. With reduction of the MEK treatment, the lesions on one MEK subject disappeared and BCVA restored to 0.8. In one MEK- and the FGFR subject, the lesions reduced in size without therapy discontinuation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion Based on our data, MEK and FGFR inhibitor-associated pCSC is a mild, self-limited retinopathy that seems to disappear simultaneously or shortly after discontinuation of medication, with subsequent restoration of the central visual function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1403-3068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T22:48:38Z","timestamp":1619822918000},"page":"403-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Drug-Induced Pseudo-Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Carcinoma Patients"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Sascha Mathias","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St.\u00a0Gallen Cantonal Hospital, St.\u00a0Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Valmaggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St.\u00a0Gallen Cantonal Hospital, St.\u00a0Gallen, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"J\u00f6rger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St.\u00a0Gallen Cantonal Hospital, St.\u00a0Gallen, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Todorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St.\u00a0Gallen Cantonal Hospital, St.\u00a0Gallen, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2011.645805","article-title":"Targeting the MAPK-RAS-RAF signaling pathway in cancer therapy","volume":"16","author":"L Santarpia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0742","article-title":"First-in-human, phase I dose-escalation study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of RO5126766, a first-in-class dual MEK\/RAF inhibitor in patients with solid tumors","volume":"18","author":"M Martinez-Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.05.038","article-title":"Clinical and Morphologic Characteristics of MEK 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Bilateral cystoid macular edema posing a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma","volume":"10","author":"S R Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.316","article-title":"Anti-retinal pigment epithelium antibodies in acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy: a new hypothesis about disease pathogenesis","volume":"129","author":"L Koreen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.243","article-title":"MEK inhibitors: a new class of chemotherapeutic agents with ocular toxicity","volume":"30","author":"L Maubon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157190","article-title":"Structural Changes of Inner and Outer Choroid in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"11","author":"S Sonoda","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-122486","article-title":"Weinende Retina [Crying Retina Sign]","volume":"235","author":"J Handtke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm_00000191","article-title":"MEK\/ERK pathway mediates UVB-induced AQP1 downregulation and water permeability impairment in human retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"23","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1403-3068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T22:53:19Z","timestamp":1619823199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1403-3068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1403-3068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}