{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:19:37Z","timestamp":1792113577113,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Background\u2002Diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonism is based on clinical evaluation of the patient\u2019s symptoms and on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which can be supplemented by nuclear medicine techniques. MRI plays a leading role in the differentiation between Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonism. While atypical parkinsonism is characterized by relatively specific MRI signs, imaging of Parkinson\u2019s disease previously lacked such signs. However, high-field MRI and new optimized MRI sequences now make it possible to define specific MRI signs of Parkinson\u2019s disease and have significant potential regarding differentiated imaging, early diagnosis, and imaging of disease progression.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods\u2002PubMed was selectively searched for literature regarding the definition and discussion of specific MRI signs of Parkinson\u2019s disease, as well as the most common types of atypical parkinsonism with a leading motor component. No time frame was set, but the search was particularly focused on current literature.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2002This review article discusses the different MRI signs of Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The pathogenesis of the MRI signs is described, and imaging examples are given. The technical aspects of image acquisition are briefly defined, and the different signs are discussed and compared with regard to their diagnostic significance according to current literature.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2002The MRI signs of Parkinson\u2019s disease, which can be defined with high-field MRI and new optimized MRI sequences, enable differentiated structural image interpretation and consecutive diagnostic workup.\u200aDespite the fact that the signs are in need of further validation by bigger studies, they have the potential to achieve significant diagnostic relevance regarding the imaging of Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonism.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points:\u2002<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Citation Format\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1460-8795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T22:45:20Z","timestamp":1621982720000},"page":"1403-1410","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["MRI Signs of Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Schekeb","family":"Aludin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein \u2013 Campus Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars-Patrick Andreas","family":"Schmill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein \u2013 Campus Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70471-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"L ML de Lau","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-018-0363-y","article-title":"Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen","volume":"58","author":"W Reith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020189","article-title":"Molecular Pathological Classification of Neurodegenerative Diseases. 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