{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:17:30Z","timestamp":1767676650415},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rofo"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Purpose\u2002The role of today\u2019s hospital-based radiologists goes far beyond interpretation-related tasks. This observational study defines these types of activities and quantifies the type of value-adding interactions radiologists experience on a daily basis with referring departments and other health personnel. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of these value-adding non-image interpretation tasks in the daily routine of hospital-based residents and attending radiologists.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Methods\u2002A prospective, observational study was performed in the radiology department of a German university hospital. Two experienced radiologists performed a 30-day observation of the entire medical staff. The observers followed the subject radiologists throughout the workday, recording activities using a time and motion methodology. An evaluation matrix was developed to characterize and quantify image interpretation tasks (IITs), non-image interpretation tasks (NITs), and contingency allowance (CA) for residents and attending radiologists. Here, the example of the MRI unit is used.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2002Four main categories of responsibilities for NITs were identified including teaching and education, clinical decision support, management and organization, and patient care. The quantitative analysis for residents showed: IITs 15\u200ah\/d (53\u200a%), NITs 9.8\u200ah\/d (34\u200a%), CA 2.2\u200ah\/d (13\u200a%). For attendings the analysis revealed: IITs 6.7\u200ah\/d (40\u200a%), NITs 7.8\u200ah\/d (47\u200a%), and CA 1.7\u200ah\/d (13\u200a%). This resulted in staff requirements of 2 attendings and 3.4 residents for the MRI unit. On average, 6 TSEs\/h occurred in the case of residents and 13 TSEs\/h in the case of attendings.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2002NITs consumed a significant portion of a radiologist\u2019s workday. Therefore, the number of examinations performed is not a reliable surrogate for the daily workload of hospital-based radiologists especially in cross-sectional imaging units. Though time-consuming, these non-interpretive tasks are greatly contributing to the fact that modern radiology is assuming a central position in patient management, fulfilling a critical role that surpasses image interpretation-related tasks to include a more integrative and consultative role. These findings will help to further define the changing role of radiologists with respect to other physicians, non-medical personnel, hospital administrators, as well as policy makers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key points:\u2002<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Citation Format\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1472-6530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:27:28Z","timestamp":1622161648000},"page":"1277-1284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Qualitative and Quantitative Workplace Analysis of Staff Requirement in an Academic Radiology Department"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Streit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Uhlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Lotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Panahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Seif Amir Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Health at a Glance 2015: OECD","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2016.08.027","article-title":"Radiology Workflow Dynamics: How Workflow Patterns Impact Radiologist Perceptions of Workplace Satisfaction","volume":"24","author":"M H Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-011-0094-3","article-title":"Measuring Consultant Radiologist workload: method and results from a national survey","volume":"2","author":"A P Brady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12090","article-title":"Measuring and managing radiologist workload: application of lean and constraint theories and production planning principles to planning radiology services in a major tertiary hospital","volume":"57","author":"S L MacDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12110227","article-title":"Radiology's value chain","volume":"263","author":"D R Enzmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2016.04.009","article-title":"Radiology Workflow Disruptors: A\u00a0Detailed Analysis","volume":"13","author":"A Schemmel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34795-5","volume-title":"Management im Gesundheitswesen","author":"R Busse","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48403-6","volume-title":"Personalmanagement","author":"D Lindner-Lohmann","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Allgemeine Betriebswirtschaftslehre","author":"J-P Thommen","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2013.12.026","article-title":"The radiologist's workflow environment: evaluation of disruptors and potential implications","volume":"11","author":"J P Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2013.04.001","article-title":"The evolving role of the radiologist: the Vancouver workload utilization evaluation study","volume":"10","author":"D Dhanoa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2015.05.006","article-title":"Disruption of Radiologist Workflow","volume":"45","author":"A P Kansagra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2014.08.001","article-title":"Do telephone call interruptions have an impact on radiology resident diagnostic accuracy?","volume":"21","author":"B J Balint","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"27","article-title":"[Improvement of the processes around the radiology workplace: avoidance of time delays]","volume":"54","author":"U Grupp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"705","article-title":"Arbeitszeitverteilung von \u00c4rzten in einem deutschen Universit\u00e4tsklinikum","volume":"114","author":"J Wolff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl International"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"150","article-title":"The Hawthorne Experiments","volume":"9","author":"C WM Hart","year":"1943","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science\/Revue canadienne d\u2019Economique et de\u00a0Science politique"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1126\/science.183.4128.922","article-title":"What Happened at Hawthorne?","volume":"183","author":"H M Parsons","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["R\u00f6Fo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der R\u00f6ntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1472-6530.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T22:31:55Z","timestamp":1635460315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1472-6530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1472-6530","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1438-9029","1438-9010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1438-9029","type":"print"},{"value":"1438-9010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]}}}