{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:44:57Z","timestamp":1769604297797,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven new antimycotics are presented that are at different points of development or approval. These substances are mainly first-in-class drugs. They are primarily developed for systemic administration. However, with the support of a pharmacist, the intravenous formulation may be used as eyedrops. In this short review, the activities of the substances against various fungal infections are described. After unsuccessful conventional therapy of fungal eye infections, one of these new substances might be suitable to cure the mycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1478-4248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T23:00:55Z","timestamp":1625180455000},"page":"1108-1112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["New Antimycotics in the Pipeline \u2013 For Ophthalmology Too?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"238","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang J.","family":"Behrens-Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg, Emeritus, Universit\u00e4tsaugenklinik, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12588","article-title":"Tintelnotia, a new genus in Phaeosphaeriaceae harbouring agents of cornea and nail infections in humans","volume":"60","author":"S A Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-017-0641-5","article-title":"Tintelnotia destructans: ein neuer Feind vor dem Tore","volume":"115","author":"K J Habbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0930-2","article-title":"Keratomycosis due to Tintelnotia destructans refractory to common therapy treated successfully with systemic and local terbinafin in combination with polyhexamethylene biguanide","volume":"39","author":"W J Behrens-Baumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0132-5","article-title":"First hospital outbreak of the globally emerging Candida auris in a European hospital","volume":"5","author":"S Schelenz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2020.100738","article-title":"Candida auris and endogenous panophthalmitis: clinical and histopathologic features","volume":"19","author":"M P Breazzano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306945","article-title":"Invasive fungal disease of the sinus and orbit: a comparison between mucormycosis and Aspergillus","volume":"100","author":"D Trief","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4103\/tjo.tjo_72_18","article-title":"Central retinal artery occlusion as the presenting manifestation of invasive rhino-orbital-cerebral mucomycosis","volume":"10","author":"P Bawankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofaa016","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa016","article-title":"Hope on the Horizon: Novel Fungal Treatments in Development","volume":"7","author":"A M Rauseo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00840-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00840-19","article-title":"In vitro activity of APX001A (Manogepix) and comparator agents against 1,706 fungal isolates collected during an international surveillance program in 2017","volume":"63","author":"M A Pfaller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2019.126713","article-title":"Synthesis of analogs of the Gwt1 inhibitor Manogepix (APX001A) and in vitro evaluation against Cryptococcus spp","volume":"29","author":"M Trzoss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.46","article-title":"The antifungal pipeline: a reality check","volume":"16","author":"J R Perfect","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02573","article-title":"Fungal cell wall: emerging antifungals and drug resistance","volume":"10","author":"S L Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01735-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01735-19","article-title":"Fosmanogepix (APX001) is effective in the treatment of immunocompromised mice infected with invasive pulmonary scedosporiopsis or disseminated fusariosis","volume":"64","author":"S Alkhazraji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040239","article-title":"Fosmanogepix: A review of a first-in-class broad spectrum agent for the treatment of invasive fungal infections","volume":"6","author":"K J Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01120-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01120-19","article-title":"Efficacy of delayed therapy with Fosmanogepix (APX001) in a murin model of Candida auris invasive Candidiasis","volume":"63","author":"N P Wiederhold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00178-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00178-20","article-title":"Fosmanogepix (APX001) is effective in the treatment of pulmonary murine mucormycosis due to Rhizopus arrhizus","volume":"64","author":"T Gebremariam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00399-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00399-19","article-title":"Echinocandins for the treatment of aspergillosis: from laboratory to bedside","volume":"63","author":"M Aruanno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02136-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02136-19","article-title":"In vitro activity of Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) against Candida auris isolates as determined by EUCAST methodology and comparison with activity against C. albicans and C.\u00a0glabrata and with activities of six comparator agents","volume":"64","author":"M C Arendrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00161-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00161-17","article-title":"Differential activity of the oral glucan synthase inhibitor SCY-078 against wild-type and echinocandin-resistant strains of Candida species","volume":"61","author":"M A Pfaller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6010028","article-title":"Aspiring antifungals: review of current antifungal pipeline developments","volume":"6","author":"T Gintjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4308","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00234-15","article-title":"Antifungal activities of SCY-078 (MK-3118) and standard antifungal agents against clinical non-Aspergillus mold isolates","volume":"59","author":"F Lamoth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02396-16","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02396-16","article-title":"The emerging pathogen Candida auris: Growth phenotype, virulence factors, activity of antifungals and effect of SCY-078, a novel glucan synthesis inhibitor, on growth morphology and biofilm formation","volume":"61","author":"E Larkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02429-19","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02429-19","article-title":"Combination therapy with Ibrexafungerp (formerly SCY-078), a first-in-class triterpenoid inhibitor (1\u2009\u2192\u20093)-\u03b2-D-glucan synthesis, and Isavuconazole for treatment of experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"64","author":"V Petraitis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02119-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02119-18","article-title":"SCY-078, a novel fungicidal agent, demonstrates distribution to tissues associated with fungal infections during mass balance studies with intravenous and oral [14C]SCY-078 in albino and pigmented rats","volume":"63","author":"S Wring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608304113","article-title":"F901318 represents a novel class of antifungal drug that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase","volume":"113","author":"J D Oliver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6030122","article-title":"Review of the novel investigational antifungal olorofim","volume":"6","author":"N P Wiederholt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz020","article-title":"Efficacy of T-2307, a novel arylamidine, against ocular complications of disseminated candidiasis in mice","volume":"74","author":"M Abe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9050227","article-title":"Review on current status of echinocandins use","volume":"9","author":"M Mroczy\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040262","article-title":"Rezafungin \u2013 Mechanisms of action, susceptibility and resistance: Similarities and differences with other echinocandins","volume":"6","author":"G Garcia-Effron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6020066","article-title":"Encochleated Amphotericin B: Is the oral availability of Amphotericin B finally reached?","volume":"6","author":"M Aigner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-019-0871-9","article-title":"Das Deutsche Pilzkeratitisregister: Erste Ergebnisse einer Multicenterstudie","volume":"116","author":"M Roth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1974.03900060323017","article-title":"Permeability of the cornea to topically applied drugs","volume":"91","author":"H Benson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0849-9","article-title":"Aqueous humor concentration of voriconazole after topical administration in rabbits","volume":"246","author":"C K Vorwerk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2007.71","article-title":"Penetration of voriconazole 1\u200a% eyedrops into human aqueous humor. A prospective open-label study","volume":"126","author":"D Lau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000187627","article-title":"Aqueous humor concentrations of topically administered caspofungin in rabbits","volume":"41","author":"C K Vorwerk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1546032","article-title":"Keratomykose \u2013 Therapiestandards und aktuelle Entwicklungen","volume":"232","author":"W Behrens-Baumann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00261-20","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00261-20","article-title":"Enhanced efflux pump expression in Candida mutants results in decreased manogepix susceptibility","volume":"64","author":"S D Liston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101574","article-title":"Mitochondria-mediated azole drug resistance and fungal pathogenicity: opportunities for therapeutic development","volume":"8","author":"J Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(85)33838-1","article-title":"Amphotericin clearance in vitrectomized versus nonvitrectomized eyes","volume":"92","author":"B H Doft","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.1.42","article-title":"Determination of vitreous, aqueous and plasma concentration of orally administered voriconazole in humans","volume":"122","author":"S M Hariprasad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4096","article-title":"Effect of oral voriconazole in fungal keratitis in the Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT II): a randomized clinical trial","volume":"134","author":"N V Prajna","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.7.829-a","article-title":"Ocular and systemic posaconazole (SCH-56592) treatment of invasive Fusarium solani keratitis and endophthalmitis","volume":"86","author":"W E Sponsel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.10.048","article-title":"Successful treatment of resistant ocular fusariosis with posaconazole (SCH-56592)","volume":"143","author":"E Y Tu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180de4953","article-title":"Recalcitrant Beauveria bassiana keratitis: confocal microscopy findings and treatment with posaconazole (Noxafil)","volume":"26","author":"E Y Tu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701653","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/701653","article-title":"Effectiveness of posaconazole in recalcitrant fungal keratitis resistant to conventional antifungal drugs","volume":"2014","author":"A Altun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Ophthalmol Med"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"2650","article-title":"Immune response to Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced endophthalmitis in a rabbit model","volume":"33","author":"U Pleyer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-016-0352-3","article-title":"Kortikosteroide als Additiv zur antimikrobiellen Therapie","volume":"113","author":"W Behrens-Baumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/isbn.978-3-318-00780-0","volume-title":"Antiseptic Prophylaxis and Therapy in ocular Infections \u2013 Principles, Clinical Practice and Infection Control. Developments in Ophthalmology Vol. 33","author":"A Kramer","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0646-6404","article-title":"Mykotische Keratitis: Klinische Zeichen, Diagnose, Therapie","volume":"10","author":"M Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Augenheilkunde up2date"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.8.919","article-title":"Randomised trial of 0,2\u200a% chlorhexidine gluconate and 2,5\u200a% natamycin for fungal keratitis in Bangladesh","volume":"82","author":"M R Rahman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02669-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02669-18","article-title":"In vitro activity of chlorhexidine compared with seven antifungal agents against 98 Fusarium isolates recovered from fungal keratitis patients","volume":"63","author":"C Oliveira dos Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Keratomykose","author":"W Behrens-Baumann","year":"2021","edition":"2. Aufl."}],"container-title":["Klinische Monatsbl\u00e4tter f\u00fcr Augenheilkunde"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/a-1478-4248.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T23:34:45Z","timestamp":1634600085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/a-1478-4248"}},"subtitle":["A Short Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-1478-4248","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-2165","1439-3999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-3999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}}}