{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:35:47Z","timestamp":1767926147540,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Endosc Int Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background and study aims\u2002Dyspepsia is the most common presenting symptom in the gastrointestinal clinic of Mulago National Referral hospital. The etiology is essentially not fully described in our patient population. This study was therefore conducted to establish the causes of dyspepsia based on endoscopic diagnosis among patients with dyspepsia seeking care at the National Referral hospital of Uganda.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients and methods\u2002This retrospective study conducted in the endoscopy unit of Mulago hospital reviewed 356 patient endoscopy reports spanning January 2018 to July 2020 with a focus on those with a referral indication of dyspepsia. Age and sex were the independent variables of interest while the endoscopy findings as reported by the endoscopist were the outcome variable of interest.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2002Of the 356 endoscopy reports reviewed, 159 met the inclusion criterion of dyspepsia as the indication. Participant mean age was 47.7 years (\u00b1\u200a16.53) with the majority (25.79\u200a%) in the fifth decade while the male to female ratio was 1.\u200aThe majority of patients had organic dyspepsia (90.57\u200a%) while the commonest finding was gastritis 69 (43.4\u200a%). Gastroesophageal cancers represented (18) 11.32\u200a% of all findings. There was a positive association between age &gt;\u200a50 years with gastroesophageal cancers (7.639) as well as age &lt;\u200a50 years and functional dyspepsia (2.794); however, all these were not statistically significant (P\u200a=\u200a0.006 and (P\u200a=\u200a0.095, respectively).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions\u2002Organic\/structural dyspepsia comprises over 90\u200a% of investigated dyspepsia with 11\u200a% comprising cancer among patients seeking endoscopy at the National Referral Hospital of Uganda.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1480-7231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T22:30:17Z","timestamp":1623969017000},"page":"E997-E1000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High rates of gastroesophageal cancers in patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"09","author":[{"given":"Ronald","family":"Mbiine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cephas","family":"Nakanwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Kituuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.014","article-title":"The Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia in secondary care are not superior to previous definitions","volume":"146","author":"A C Ford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90764-P","article-title":"Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups: a population-based study","volume":"102","author":"N J Talley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i17.2661","article-title":"Epidemiology of functional dyspepsia: a global perspective","volume":"12","author":"S Mahadeva","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01644","article-title":"Survey on the prevalence of dyspepsia and practices of dyspepsia management in rural Eastern Uganda","volume":"5","author":"Y J 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Lagos","volume":"15","author":"C A Onyekwere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nigerian Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/004947550303300322","article-title":"Dyspepsia: endoscopy findings in Uganda","volume":"33","author":"M Ogwang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tropical Doctor"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000485408","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: beyond Rome IV","volume":"35","author":"V Stanghellini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digest Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2014.47.6.490","article-title":"Screening for gastric cancer: the usefulness of endoscopy","volume":"47","author":"K S Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)00366-4","article-title":"The optimal age threshold for screening upper endoscopy for uninvestigated dyspepsia in Taiwan, an area with a higher prevalence of gastric cancer in young adults","volume":"61","author":"J M Liou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"3","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia in Yola, Nigeria","author":"A B Olokoba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res J Health Sci"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"16","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among adult patients with dyspepsia in northern Tanzania","author":"S M Ayana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanzania J Health Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.34.82.18002","article-title":"Indications and findings of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients presenting to a District Hospital, Ghana","volume":"34","author":"A Agyei-Nkansah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med 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